Issued by India

Issued on Dec 26, 2019

Issued for : Department of Posts is pleased to issue a Commemorative Postage Stamp on Directorate of Revenue Intelligence.

Credits :
Stamp/FDC/Brochure/Cancellation cachet : Smt. Nenu Gupta

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 400440

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• The Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) is the apex anti-smuggling agency under the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC), Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, Government of India. For more than six decades now, DRI with its presence across India and abroad has been executing the crucial and sensitive mandate of safeguarding Indian borders and ensuring public safety. DRI is empowered under the Customs Act, 1962 to combat smuggling, including trade-based money-laundering and also under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 to counter the menace of narcotic drugs. Additionally, it also enforces over fifty other allied statutes including The Weapons of Mass Destruction and their Delivery Systems (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities) Act, 2005 The Chemical Weapons Convention Act, 2000, Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA), The Arms Act, 1959, The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972, The Foreign Trade (Development & Regulations) Act, 1992 etc. It also implements India’s obligations under various international instruments such as those dealing with sanctions imposed by the UN Security Council, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild flora and fauna (CITES), environmental crimes etc. It takes part in the coordinated global enforcement operations by the World Customs Organisation (WCO) and International Police Organization (INTERPOL).
• Ever since its inception in 1957 and in the course of its functioning as the principal anti-smuggling agency in India, DRI has taken many measures to adapt itself to the challenges that come with changes in the economic, technological and security environment. It uses scientific methods in collection of intelligence and in investigation of cases such as data analytics, data mining, forensics etc. DRI works closely with various intelligence and security agencies under Cabinet Secretariat, Ministries of Home, Defence, Finance and also with paramilitary and border guarding forces to carry out anti-smuggling operations on land, air and sea. As a member of the Multi-Agency Centre (MAC) for National Security, it has been collecting and disseminating intelligence relating to national security and terrorism. DRI is also a part of the National Authority Chemical Weapons Convention (NACWC) in the Cabinet Secretariat. Further, DRI is part of the MHA and NIA’s Special wings to combat Terror Financing and Financing of Left Wing Extremism (LWE).
• Over the years, DRI has registered a large number of cases pertaining to smuggling of contraband goods having bearing on national security such as arms and ammunitions, narcotic drugs, Fake Indian Currency Notes (FICN), Drones, strategic goods used for Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and foreign currencies etc. DRI has also detected numerous cases of smuggling of gold & diamond, trans-border environmental crimes, wildlife, cigarettes and IPR infringements. Further, DRI as the nodal anti-smuggling agency, heads the S-CORD (Anti-smuggling Coordination Centre) and also publishes the annual ‘Smuggling in India Report’. It documents cases of smuggling registered by DRI, Customs field formations and other border agencies. In recognition of its commitment to address illegal trade in environmentally sensitive goods and ozone depleting substances, DRI has been awarded the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) Award in 2014.
• DRI also has a strong presence in the anti-drug-trafficking setup. DRI’s seizure of 23.5 metric tonnes of Methaqualone (Mandrax) tablets from a clandestine factory in Rajasthan in the year 2016 was one of the largest seizures of this substance by any agency ever reported in the world.
• DRI has also been assisting the SIT on Black Money and the Task Force on Shell Companies. It has played a major role in detection of cases of illicit funds transfer and trade-based money laundering and effected seizures of huge amount of demonetised currencies, thereby making significant contribution to the nation’s fight against black money.
• On behalf of Indian Customs, DRI is also active in liaising with foreign Customs administrations and international bodies such as the WCO, UNODC and INTERPOL. Indian Customs has entered into 31 Customs Mutual Assistance Agreements covering 62 Customs administrations. DG, DRI leads India’s delegation at DG Level talks with Heads of Customs of various countries including Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Bangladesh and also with the enforcement heads of BRICS countries.
• DRI has also been protecting the cultural heritage of India and has seized precious antiques and antiquities, while being smuggled out of the country. Many pieces of invaluable Indian antiquities were successfully brought back to the country, some of which were returned by the Governments of USA and Australia to the Prime Minister of India.
• Apart from this, DRI carries out investigations, adjudication of cases and launching of prosecution in the courts and sends proposals for detention of hard core smugglers under the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act (COFEPOSA) and attachment of properties under the Smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators (Forfeiture of Property) Act, 1976 (SAFEMFOPA) and Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA).
• In the course of their duty, some officers of DRI have laid down their lives, suffered grave injuries and faced threats to their lives while fighting the organized crime syndicates, smugglers and drug mafia. The sacrifice and service of these officers have been recognized by the Government of India by decorating them with Kirti Chakra, Presidential Awards and DRI Martyrs’ Medals.
• Text : Based on information received from the proponent.

The post Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) appeared first on iStampGallery.

Issued by India

Issued on Dec 19, 2019

Issued for : Department of Posts is pleased to release a set of 12 Commemorative Postage Stamps on Embroideries of India.

Credits :
Stamps/Miniature Sheet/Sheetlets/First Day Cover/Information Brochure/Cancellation Cachet : Ms. Gulistaan

Type : Miniature Sheet, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 1000 Paise (5), 1500 Paise (3), 2000 Paise (4)

Sheetlets Printed : 31250 each of 12 types

Miniature Sheets Printed : 1.10 lakh

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• Embroideries of India belong to different genres that vary by region and clothing style. Designs in Indian embroidery are formed on the basis of the texture and the design of the fabric and the stitch. The dot and the alternate dot, the circle, the square, the triangle and permutations and combinations of these constitute the design.
• KANTHA
  • Kantha is perhaps the oldest form of Indian embroidery as it can be traced back to the 1^st Century A.D. The thought behind this needlework was to reuse old clothes such as saris and dhotis and turn them into something new with a simple running stitch. Kantha evolved in the eastern regions of the Indian subcontinent, specifically in Bangladesh and in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Odisha. It is a form of embroidery often practised by rural women. There are 7 different types of Kantha stitches, each having their own unique usage; the Lep Kantha, which is used to make warm, padded quilts or the Baiton Kantha which is used on covers meant to wrap books and other precious objects. “Kantha saris” are traditionally worn by women in Bengal. Today, Kantha embroidery is popular amongst the designer fraternity.
• KAMAL KADHAI
  • Kamal Kadhai is native to the state of Andhra Pradesh that primarily uses needle weaving to stitch beautiful flowers. The flower petals look like they have “steps” or “levels”. It has a 3D effect. The pattern can be used on dresses or cushion covers or making other household stuff like bed sheets, pillow covers, etc. This style of embroidery first started amongst the rural folk about 500 years ago but later received royal patronage.
• PHULKARI
  • Phulkari is the most famous rural embroidery tradition of Punjab, mentioned in the Punjabi folklore of ‘Heer Ranjha’ by Waris Shah. Its present form and popularity goes back to the 15^th century, during Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s reign. Phulkari also means headscarf and it comes from the 19^th century tradition of carrying an odhani or a head-scarf with flower patterns. Its distinctive property is that the base is a dull hand-spun or khadi cloth, with bright coloured threads that cover it completely, leaving no gaps. It uses a darn stitch done from the wrong side of the fabric using darning needles, one thread at a time, leaving a long stitch below to form the basic pattern. Cities famous for Phulkari include Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ambala, Ludhiana, Patiala, Nabha etc.
• CHAMBA RUMAL
  • The Chamba Rumal is an embroidered handicraft that was once promoted under the patronage of the former rulers of Chamba kingdom. Earliest reported form of this rumal is the one made by Bebe Nanaki, sister of Guru Nanak Dev ji in the 16^th century, which is now preserved in the Gurudwara at Hoshiarpur. Chamba Rumal is made in square and rectangular shapes on muslin, malmal, khaddar, silk etc. Using a double satin stitch for the embroidery, both faces of the cloth are concurrently stitched by a forward and backward technique to maintain uniformity of design on both faces of the rumal. After completing the embroidery, the fabric is stitched with a border of about 2 to 4 inches on all sides. The dohbratbokb method is a heritage of Kashmir, which was adopted in Basohli and Chamba, that was improved upon by adopting themes from the Mughal art of Chamba miniature paintings which flourished during the 18^th and 19^th centuries.
• KUTCH EMBROIDERY
  • Kutch Embroidery is a handicraft and textile signature art tradition of the tribal community of Kutch District in Gujarat. Its history is traced to the 16^th and 17^th centuries when people migrated from countries such as Afghanistan, Greece, Germany, Iran and Iraq to Gujarat. It is also said that cobblers known as Mochis were trained in this art form by the Sufi saints of Sindh. The art form became a vocation for women of Kutch not only to meet their own clothing requirements but also to make a living, in view of severe dry and very hot conditions. It became a generational art with the skills passed on from mother to daughter. The embroidery is generally done on fabrics of cotton, in the form of a net using cotton or silk threads. In certain patterns, it is also crafted over silk and satin. The types of stitches adopted are square chain, double buttonhole, pattern darning, running stitch, satin and straight stitches. The signature effect of the colourful embroidery sparkles when small mirrors called bbhib are sewn over the geometrically shaped designs.
• KASHMIRI EMBROIDERY
  • Kashmiri embroidery (also called Kashida) is used for phirans (woollen kurtas) and namdahs (woollen rugs) as well as stoles. It draws inspiration from nature- birds, blossoms and flowers, creepers, chinar leaves, mangoes, lotus, trees etc. The embroidery is done on a base of silk, wool or cotton: the colour is usually white, off-white or cream but nowadays one can find many other colours such as brown, deep blue, sky blue, maroon etc. Kashmiri embroidery is known for the skilled execution of a single stitch, often called the Kashmiri stitch which may comprise the chain stitch, the satin stitch, the slanted darn stitch, the stem stitch and the herringbone stitch.
• KASUTI
  • Kasuti is a traditional form of folk embroidery practised in the state of Karnataka. Kasuti work is very intricate and sometimes involves crafting upto 5,000 stitches by hand and is traditionally made on dresswear like Sarees or Kurta. Its history dates back to the Chalukya period. The Kasuti embroidery features folk designs influenced by rangoli patterns of Karnataka, mirror work and gold & silver thread embroidery, mostly used for special occasions like weddings. Kasuti involves embroidering very intricate patterns like gopura, chariot, palanquin, lamps and conch shells. The pattern to be embroidered is first marked with charcoal or pencil and then proper needles and threads are selected. The patterns are stitched without using knots to ensure that both sides of the cloth look alike.
• CHIKANKARI
  • The present form of chikan (meaning elegant patterns on fabric) work is associated with the city of Lucknow, in Uttar Pradesh. Chikan embroidery is believed to have been introduced by Noor Jahan, the wife of Jahangir. Chikan embroidery involves the use of white thread on white muslin, fine cotton, or voile, which showcases shadow work embroidery. Other colours can also be used. The artisans usually create individual motifs or butjs of animals and flowers like rose, lotus, jasmine, creepers etc. The designs are first printed onto the fabric with a mixture of glue and indigo. At least 40 different stitches are documented and include flat, raised and embossed stitches and the open trellis-like jbbij work, buttonhole stitch, French knots, running stitch etc.
• TODA EMBROIDERY
  • Toda embroidery has its origins in Tamil Nadu. Locally known as “Pukhoor” meaning flower, this embroidery is an art work among the Toda pastoral people of the Nilgiri hills in Tamil Nadu. This embroidery, like Kantha, is practised by women. The embroidery adorns shawls. The shawl, called poothkuli, has red and black bands between which the embroidery is done. As Todas worship buffaloes, the buffalo becomes an important motif in the Toda embroidery. Other motifs include the sun, moon, stars etc. Both sides of the embroidered fabric are usable and both men and women adorn themselves with the embroidered cloaks and shawls.
• SHAMILAMI
  • A renowned textile craft from Manipur is the Shamilami, which uses a technique that combines those of weaving and embroidery. The ethnic Meithei community practises this intricate technique used in the traditional production of Shamilami fabric, whereby motifs such as tjodohbj, inspired by the gracefulness of a silk caterpillar eating a castor leaf, decorate the fabric. The embroidery is done in dark matching shade with untwisted silk thread on the border of the phanek (a lungi or lower body wrap worn by women). Colours in dark red, plum or chocolate are usually used. The embroidery is so artistically done that it does not clash with the weave and is often mistaken for it. Angami Naga shawls have animal motifs in black. This was previously called samilamiphee (which means warrior cloth of wild animals) and was given to brave distinguished warriors by the royalty, in recognition of their prowess. Possession of Shamilami – a combination of weaving and embroidery – is considered a status symbol.
• SUJANI
  • Sujani embroidery originated from the Bhusura village of Bihar. In ancient times, it was considered as a form of quilting wherein old sarees and dhotis were used as the creative canvas. The process begins with tracing down the designs on the base fabric using tracing wheel and tracing sheet. Black or brown threads are used for outlining the motifs and colourful threads are used to fill in colors in the motifs. This style of embroidery is similar to the Kantha stitch of West Bengal. Today Sujani embroidery adorns ethnic outfits like sarees, kurtas, dupattas, stoles, jackets; home décor items such as cushion covers, bedspreads, wall hangings etc. The Sujani is not merely a traditional craft, it is also a way to convey social and political messages.
• APPLIQUÉ
  • Appliqué is a type of embroidery that employs a smaller patch or fabric to be applied or sewed onto a larger fabric or surface to create different designs, abstract patterns or pictures. This embroidery art form came to India with the French in the 17^th century. Appliqué is used extensively in quilting or adorns sarees with elaborate and vibrant looking borders. In Andhra Pradesh, the blouses and headscarves worn by the Banjara tribal women are not only embroidered but also decorated with appliqué and mirror work. Rajasthan is also known for its unique appliqué or gota, which is created by sewing edges of zari ribbon onto fabric, to create elaborate patterns.
• Text : Sh. Pallab Bose

The post Embroideries of India appeared first on iStampGallery.

Issued by India

Issued on Dec 14, 2019

Issued for : Department of Posts is pleased to issue a Commemorative Postage Stamp, a First Day Cover and Information Brochure as a tribute to the yeoman service and supreme sacrifices made by the “silent warriors” and devoted trainers of the RVC.

Credits :
Stamp/FDC/Brochure/Cancellation Cachet : Ms. Nenu Gupta

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 600440

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• Remount Veterinary Corps has been carrying on the great traditions of dedication, valour and sacrifice written on Indian battlefields since ancient times through animals trained for effective use in war tactics as Force Multipliers.
• Remount Veterinary Corps was raised in 1779 in Bengal, initially with the name “Stud Department”. It has witnessed many transformations over the years and was given the present name of the “Remount Veterinary Corps” in 1960 after Military Farms were separated from it as an independent Corps. The Corps is one of the oldest services of Indian Army and has a glorious past. It has distinguished itself by undertaking the arduous task of converting the strength of mute animals into a formidable force thus synchronizing the saga of Indian valour of yore with the finest tenets of modern day tactical warfare. The Corps Motto “PASHU SEVA ASMAKAM DHARMA” i.e. “SERVICE TO ANIMALS IS OUR DUTY” sums up the duties and role entrusted to it.
• The Remount Veterinary Corps is extensively involved in provisioning, scientific breeding, rearing, providing specialized training of horses, mules and dogs and their issue to Indian Army as Force Multipliers. Army dogs are trained in mine detection, explosive detection, guard/attack, infantry patrol, search and rescue and avalanche rescue operations. The Corps provides complete vet cover to these army animals and is also actively engaged in conduct of several high tech applied research projects in the field of veterinary science. Central Mil Vet Lab (CMVL) at Meerut Cantt has the rare distinction of being the country’s only NABL accredited vet lab with ISO/IEC 17025: 2005 Standards in the field of biological testing and advanced diagnostics.
• The unique saga of dedication, valour and sacrifice of RVC trained equines and canines alongwith their trainers is reflected in multifarious force multiplying roles played by these mute warriors in aid of army and paramilitary forces during war and peacetime ops. They have rendered invaluable assistance to civilian authorities in times of natural disasters & calamities such as assistance during Bhuj earthquake (26 Jan 2001), Tsunami (26 Dec 2004), J&K earthquake (08 Oct 2005) and Leh cloudburst (06 Aug 2010). These “silent warriors” have established themselves as “force multipliers” and have always remained in the forefront for guarding the nation’s interests. The Corps has actively participated in both World Wars and post independence, it has been integrally involved in the J&K Operations (1947-48); NEFA Operations (1962) and Indo-Pak wars of 1965 & 1971. RVC Units were actively involved in IPKF operations in Sri Lanka and played a crucial role in “Op Vijay” during Kargil war of 1999 in meeting the emergent operational requirements of animal transport in far flung posts.
• RVC Units have also been deeply involved in counter-insurgency ops in the ongoing Low Intensity Conflict Operations (LICO) in Northern and Eastern Command theatres. These RVC trained canines have proved their phenomenal capabilities in detecting explosives/IEDs, mines, tracking terrorists/saboteurs, guarding vital installations in hazardous climatic conditions and inhospitable terrain thus saving thousands of lives of soldiers/civilians and vital equipments.
• RVC has played a unique role in development of equestrian sports in IA. The recent silver medal winning team in equestrian eventing comprised three riders trained at AEN, RVC C&C of which two riders were from RVC which speaks volumes of its contributions.
• The Corps has also contributed significantly to India’s peace keeping efforts around the troubled parts of the Globe by being part of Indian Peace Keeping contingents under aegis of the United Nations. Presently the Corps is a part of three major UN Peace Keeping Missions viz. UNIFIL (Lebanon) and two missions in UNMISS (Sudan).
• The plethora of awards and honours garnered by the Corps are testimony to its high standards and excellence. The honours and awards include 1 Shaurya Chakra, 7 Sena Medals (Gallantry), 3 Sena Medals (Distinguished), 1 Param Vishisht Sewa Medal, 11 Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE), 5 Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE), 15 Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM), 25 Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM), 1 Arjuna Award, 273 COAS Commendation Card (Army Dogs), 21 UN Force Commander’s Commendation.
• Text : Based on information received from the proponent.

The post The Force Multiplier appeared first on iStampGallery.

Issued by India

Issued on Nov 29, 2019

Issued for : The Char Dham Yatra is sacred; it gives the pilgrim a new life and vision. It is a journey of the self towards the Lord and enables one to experience the sublime. Department of Posts is pleased to issue a set of four Commemorative Postage Stamps on Char Dham, Uttarakhand.

Credits :
Stamp/Sheetlet/FDC/Brochure/Cancellation cachet : Smt. Alka Sharma

Type : Stamps, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 1000 Paise (2), 1500 Paise (2)

Sheetlets Printed : 25000 each of 5 types 

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• Religion has always been a cardinal influence on the belief system and way of life of people across the world. A Pilgrimage is a journey undertaken in the light of this intense faith. People walk miles to fulfil their devotional urge. The word Dham literally means an abode where God resides. The Char Dham Yatra in Uttarakhand consists of four holy sites namely Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath. According to the Hindu tradition, each individual must undertake this holy pilgrimage in order to find salvation and peace after death.
• Yamunotri, as the name itself suggests is derived from one of the most holy rivers of India, the Yamuna. Being the first point amongst the four dhams, it is believed that taking a holy dip in Yamunotri rids the devotees of their sins, washes away the evil deeds. Besides this, there is a temple of historic significance which was built by the king of Tehri in the year 1839. It houses the idol of Goddess Yamuna in the form of black marble idol and also of Ganga Devi in white stone by the side of Yamuna. One of the astonishing characteristics of the place that attracts the pilgrims is the hot water springs found near the temple. The spring is called Surya Kund; devotees boil potatoes and rice in the hot boiling water, which is later accepted as Prasad of Devi.
• Gangotri Dham was built in the reverence of Goddess Ganga, considered to be an epitome of forbearance and sacrifice as she observed herself into the mother Earth to protect humanity from destruction. The temple stands amidst the serenity of exquisite natural beauty facing the Bhagirathi river. The river originates from a glacier called Gaumukh, almost 18 kilometres away from Dham. It is one of the oldest rivers in India and holds a special and sacred place in the heart and soul of the Hindus.
• Kedarnath, situated in the Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand is the most far flung amongst the Char Dham heritage sites. Located at a height of nearly 3500 metres above the sea level, the Kedarnath temple is covered in snow throughout the year. The spirituality of the place, the ecstatic experience of seeking the blessings of Lord Shiva in the lap of nature, the snow-capped mountains and the peerless beauty of the temple combine to produce an absolutely fulfilling experience for the pilgrim. Chanting of Vedic hymns and extensive religious rituals are a part and parcel of the functioning of the Shiva temple. The tradition of carrying the idol down to a village called Ukhimath during the winter season is celebrated like a festival.
• Badrinath or Badrinarayan Temple is the most visited temple of India. The temple is located in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand alongside Alakhnanda river. It has got its name from the ‘Badri tree’ under which Lord Vishnu was believed to have meditated, oblivious of the extreme weather conditions of the place. The temple has a glorious historic significance as its name is mentioned in ancient religious texts like Vishnu Purana and Skanda Purana; also it is defiled in one of the earliest texts composed by Tamil saints called the Divya Prabandhan. The festival ‘Mata Murti Ka Mela’ is one of the most prominent festivals celebrated at the temple with great pomp and show. It is the commemoration of the descent of river Ganga on mother Earth. It is believed that the mother of Badrinath divided the river into twelve channels for the well-being of humankind; she is therefore, venerated and remembered during the festival. The temple is of immense significance for the Hindu community as it allows them to connect with their ancestors. They offer various oblations in the temple for their ancestors with the help of a priest.
• It is believed that these sites are interconnected and the journey is said to be complete when the devotee visits four of them together. Although the journey is tough, challenging and tiresome given the unfavourable weather conditions, the pilgrims find solace once they complete it. The devotees visit the Char Dham with a sense of hope that God will bring unto their fold, happiness and well-being alongwith prosperity to their families. Every year thousands of devotees undertake this pilgrimage to the Char Dham in Uttarakhand; it has also attracted foreign tourists who aspire to observe the Indian culture closely.
• Text : Ms. Anika Singh.

The post Char Dham, Uttarakhand appeared first on iStampGallery.

Issued by India

Issued on Nov 26, 2019

Issued for : Department of Posts is pleased to issue a Commemorative Postage Stamp to mark the 250^th Rajya Sabha Session.

Credits :
Stamp/FDC/Brochure : Sh. Suresh Kumar
Cancellation Cachet : Smt. Nenu Gupta

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 617000

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• Rajya Sabha is the Upper House of Parliament of India, which sagaciously supports democracy, best parliamentary practices and contributes towards nation building under the Chairmanship of the Vice-President of India.
• Historically speaking, Bicameral Central Legislature in India came into existence as per the provisions of the Government of India Act, 1919 and was inaugurated in 1921 consisting of the Governor-General and two Houses, namely, the Council of States and the Legislative Assembly. Subsequently, the Legislative Assembly was renamed as the House of Assembly under the Government of India Act, 1935. The bicameral arrangement continued till 1947. The Constituent Assembly debated on various aspects from 1946 to 1950 and inter alia decided on a bicameral Central Legislature in India. The Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha together with the President of India constitute ‘Parliament of India’. The Council of States was renamed as Rajya Sabha in the year 1954. As per Constitution of India, the strength of the Rajya Sabha has been fixed at a maximum of 250 members, including 12 nominated members. Unlike the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha is a permanent body, but one-third of its members retire every two years. Members are elected through indirect election, with the idea that the opinion cannot be swayed based on populist demands.
• The supreme role of Rajya Sabha is legislation. Apart from this, Rajya Sabha also has a representational role and to hold Government accountable for its action or inaction. It performs judicial functions also for the impeachment of President and removal of Judges. It has a special privilege to legislate on State Subjects and All India Services. However, it has a limited role in the matters of Money Bill vis-a-vis Lok Sabha. Rajya Sabha plays an important role as a revising chamber. It has proposed numerous amendments to legislations which have eventually been adopted. As a federal chamber, it endeavours to remain sensitive to aspirations of the States and thus strengthens the country’s federal fabric.
• Parliamentary Committees play a vital role in the Parliamentary System. Rajya Sabha possesses an organised system of Committees. They are a vibrant link between the Parliament, the Executive and the general public. At present, there are 12 Parliamentary Standing Committees and 24 Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committees. Out of 24 Department Related Parliamentary Committees, 8 are under the direct control of Rajya Sabha. The Committees provide expertise on a matter and the public is directly or indirectly associated, which helps the Committees in arriving at the conclusions. The Committees have functioned in a non-partisan manner and their deliberations and conclusions have been objective.
• Parliament sessions are convened by the President for conduction of legislative functions and business of the House. The President has the power to summon and prorogue either or both the Houses of Parliament. The Parliament normally meets over three sessions in a year.
• Since the first session of the Rajya Sabha on 13^th May, 1952, Rajya Sabha has conducted 249 sessions. This house has effectively discharged the role mandated by the Constitution. Apart from legislation, it has constructively deliberated and influenced policies of the Government and provided an environment for ventilation of public grievances. These responsibilities were discharged by Rajya Sabha through various time-tested procedural mechanisms and by introducing new procedures.
• During the 249 Sessions that Rajya Sabha held so far, it has played a constructive and effective role. Its performance in the legislative field and in influencing the Government policies has been quite significant. Rajya Sabha has worked for the unity and integrity of the nation and has reinforced the faith of the people in a democracy.
• Text : Based on information received from the proponent.

The post 250th Rajya Sabha Session appeared first on iStampGallery.

Issued by India

Issued on Nov 14, 2019

Issued for : India Post is happy to issue this set of two stamps on Child Rights to celebrate Children’s Day, 2019 and to mark the 30^th Anniversary of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) as well as 70 years of the presence of UNICEF in India.

Credits :
Stamp/Miniature Sheet/FDC/Brochure/Cancellation Cachet : Smt. Alka Sharma

Type : Miniature Sheet, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 1500 Paise (2)

Stamps Printed : 500000 each

Miniature sheets printed : 110000

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• This year, the Department of Posts and UNICEF joined hands to hold a Stamp Design Contest on Child Rights. This contest served the twin objectives of raising awareness on the subjects of Child Rights as well as Philately among children. The genesis of this collaboration came on one hand from the fact that every year India Post celebrates Children’s Day through the release of Commemorative Postage Stamps and on the other hand from the fact that the year 2019 marks the 30^th Anniversary of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) and 70 years of UNICEF’s presence of India. The Stamp Design Contest was held from 7 August to 30 September, 2019 and the prize-winning entries have been adapted as stamps to celebrate Children’s Day.
• Millions of children the world over, are abandoned. They do not get a chance to step into a school. They are left to fend for themselves on the streets. They suffer from many forms of abuse. They do not have access to even primary health care. They are subjected to cruel and inhuman treatment every day. They are children – innocent, young and beautiful – who are deprived of their rights.
• The League of Nations adopted the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child (1924) which enunciated the child’s right to receive the requirements for normal development, the right of the hungry child to be fed, the right of the sick child to receive health care, the right of the backward child to be reclaimed, the right of orphans to shelter and the right to protection from exploitation.
• The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) in Article 25(2) recognized the need of motherhood and childhood to “special protection and assistance” and the right of all children to “social protection”. The United Nations General Assembly adopted the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child (1959), which enunciated the key principles for the protection of children’s rights.
• Thirty years ago, world leaders made a historic commitment to the world’s children by adopting the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child – an international agreement on childhood. It’s become the most widely ratified human rights treaty in history and has helped transform children’s lives around the world. The Convention defines Child Rights as the minimum entitlements and freedoms that should be afforded to every citizen below the age of 18 regardless of race, national origin, colour, gender, language, religion, opinions, wealth, birth status, disability or other characteristics. The Convention classifies the fundamental rights that should be afforded to children into four broad categories:
  • Right to Survival: Right to be born, minimum standards of food, shelter and clothing, right to live with dignity and access to health care, to safe drinking water, nutritious food, a clean and safe environment and information to help them stay healthy. Children have the right to an adequate standard of living, education and services and to play and recreation.
  • Right to Protection: Right to be protected from all sorts of violence, neglect, physical and sexual abuse and dangerous drugs. This includes the right to safe places for children to play; constructive child rearing behavior and acknowledgement of the evolving capacities of children.
  • Right to Participation: Right to freedom of opinion, freedom of expression, freedom of association, information and participation in any decision making that involves him/her directly or indirectly. Children have the right to participate in communities and have programs and services for themselves. This includes children’s involvement in libraries and community programs, youth voice activities etc.
  • Right to Development: Right to education, to learn, relax and play and all forms of overall development – emotional, mental and physical. In the modern context, this includes skill development and equipping every child to prepare for a sustainable future.
• As part of the Contest, children of classes I to XII were invited to draw/paint/sketch their ideas on the theme of “Child Rights”. Eight prizes were announced i.e. First Prize of Rs. 50000, Second Prize of Rs. 25000, Third Prize of Rs. 10000 and five Consolation Prizes of Rs. 5000 each. Based on the selected entries, philatelic items viz. Stamps, Miniature Sheet, First Day Cover, Brochure are designed and are being released on the occasion of Children’s Day 2019. The first three winners are Ms. Nidhi Rahul Mhatre, Ms. Vibhushi Agarwal and Ms. Deepali Midha. Five consolation winners are Master Rupam Mahanty, Ms. Vaidehi Vikas Shirsath, Ms. Arya Thapa, Master Sarvesh Suresh Joshi and Ms. Kratika Chittoriya.
• Text : Sh. Pallab Bose

The post Child Rights in India appeared first on iStampGallery.

Issued by India

Issued on Nov 9, 2019

Issued for : Department of Posts is proud to release a set of five Commemorative Postage Stamps and a Miniature Sheet portraying five sacred Gurudwaras on the historic occasion of ‘550^th Birth Anniversary of Guru Nanak Ji’.

Credits :
Stamps/Miniature Sheet/FDC/Brochure : Shri Kamleshwar Singh
Cancellation Cachet : Smt. Alka Sharma

Type : Miniature Sheet, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 1000 Paise (4) and 1500 Paise (1)

Stamps Printed : 500000 each

Miniature Sheets Printed : 110000

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469-1539) was the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. His birth is celebrated worldwide as Guru Nanak Guru Purab on Kartik Pooranmashi, the full moon day in the month of Katak (October-November). He travelled far and wide teaching people the message of one God. His preaching is registered in the form of 974 poetic hymns in the holy text of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib. Sikhism gave a league of extraordinary men that fought for truth and became pillars of courage. Their places of worship called Gurudwaras, are sacred shrines that not only render spiritual comfort but also offer insight into how Sikhism has sustained.
• India Post issues a set of five Commemorative Postage Stamps to mark the occasion of “550^th Birth Anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Ji”. These stamps feature five select Gurudwaras, considered extremely sacred, as they are situated at locations where Guru Nanak Dev Ji spent considerable time and lived there during his spiritual sojourn.
• Gurudwara Nanak Lama Sahib, Chungthang
  • This is a beautiful, historical Gurudwara nestled in the Himalayas at Chungthang in North Sikkim, located 95 kilometres from Gangtok at an elevation of almost 18,000 feet above sea level. Interestingly, it is run by the Indian Army. Guru Nanak Dev ji visited this place while returning from Tibet during the 4^th Udasi (Yatra). This place was a barren land. Guru Nanak threw a handful of paddy in that place. Now Chungthang is the only place in the surrounding areas where paddy grows in abundance. Another legend states that in this plateau the yak grazers approached Guru Nanak with a request, that they did not find water in winter as it got frozen allover with the temperature falling to minus 35 degrees. Guru Nanak Dev ji hit the perpetually snow-covered Guru Dongmar Lake with his stick to provide water to the grazers. The ice melted giving way to crystal clear water. Since then the water of the lake has never frozen. Guru Nanak further blessed the lake, saying, ‘Whosoever takes the water of this lake will gain virility and strength and will be blessed with children.’ The Gurudwara is situated at the confluence of two rivers: River Lachen and Lachung Chu, both tributaries of the River Teesta. The architecture of the Gurudwara maintains the typical dome and arch style as other Gurudwaras of the country but is influenced by the architecture and design of Tibetan monasteries.
• Gurudwara Darbar Sahib, Dera Baba Nanak, Gurdaspur
  • Gurudwara Darbar Sahib at Dera Baba Nanak, is situated on the banks of river Ravi. Guru Nanak Dev Ji, settled and mingled with the Almighty near the village Pakhoke Mehmaran, opposite to the present town and named it Kartarpur – a town which now lies across the border in Pakistan. The Bedis (Khatris), descendants of Guru Nanak built a new town and named it Dera Baba Nanak after their ancestor. Pilgrims come to pay homage to this Gurudwara in large numbers. Dera Baba Nanak is a historical town and has many lanes and houses that have been preserved since the time of Guru Nanak. Also from this town, pilgrims can see Gurudwara Darbar Sahib at Kartarpur across the border in Pakistan. Guru Nanak came here after his first Udasi (tour) during December 1515 AD to meet members of his family. In November 2019, a corridor is going to be opened connecting the two Gurudwaras located at Dera Baba Nanak in India and Kartarpur across the border.
• Gurudwara Janamasthan, Nankana Sahib
  • Gurudwara Janamasthan also referred to as Gurudwara Nankana Sahib was built at the site where Guru Nanak was born to Mehta Kalu and Mata Tripta. The shrine is located in the city of Nankana Sahib, near Lahore in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The Gurudwara forms part of an ensemble of nine important Gurudwaras in Nankana Sahib. The shrine is frequently visited by Sikh yatris as part of a pilgrimage route in Pakistan. The first Gurudwara is believed to have been built at the site in the 16^th century by the grandson of Guru Nanak, Baba Dharam Chand. The current Gurudwara was built by Ranjit Singh in the 19^th century and includes a domed sanctum with an attached rectangular pavilion, surrounded by a vast walled compound.
• Gurudwara Ber Sahib, Sultanpur Lodhi
  • Gurudwara Ber Sahib, the principal shrine at Sultanpur, is situated on the bank of the rivulet Kali Bein. Guru Nanak Dev Ji performed his morning ablutions in the rivulet and then sat under a Ber tree to meditate. Guru Ji meditated under this tree daily for over 14 years. Gurudwara Ber Sahib is built by the side of this old Ber tree. The present building of the Gurudwara was built by Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala. Standing on a high plinth and entered through a portico, the Gurudwara is supported by octagonal columns and a small entrance gallery with a high ceiling. At the far end, marked off by a high archway decorated with floral designs in stucco, is the sanctum sanctorum, where the Guru Granth Sahib is seated on a white marble canopied throne. Besides the daily services and observance of important Sikh anniversaries, a largely attended fair takes place each November to mark the birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Ji. Sultanpur Lodhi is the nerve centre of the celebrations of the 550^th Birth Anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
• Gurudwara Nanak Jhira Sahib, Bidar
  • One of the most famous Gurudwaras of South India, Gurudwara Nanak Jhira Sahib is located at Bidar in Karnataka. Built a year after India’s independence in 1948, the Gurudwara is famous for its majestic shrine, lush gardens and an expansive pool, amidst a valley surrounded by hills on three sides. The Gurudwara comprises different sections including Darbar Sahib, Langar Hall and Diwan Hall. It is believed that a dip in the tank of the holy water in front of the Gurudwara stairs will cleanse the body and soul of all the sins. The Gurudwara got its name after a popular incident which took place here; according to legend, Guru Nanak was staying on the outskirts of Bidar, where there was shortage of water and despite the efforts of the village people, drinkable water was hard to find. It is believed that Guru Nanak touched a part of the hillside with his toes and removed some debris after which a fountain of sweet water gushed out from there. Today, on the side of the fountain, is where the Gurudwara Nanak Jhira Sahib stands.
• Text : Sh. Pallab Bose.

The post Guru Nanak Gurpurab 2019 appeared first on iStampGallery.

Issued by India

Issued on Oct 25, 2019

Issued for : Department of Posts is proud to issue a Commemorative Postage Stamp on Siachen Glacier in honour of these gallant soldiers.

Credits :
Stamp/FDC/Brochure/Cancellation Cachet : Ms. Gulistaan

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 600238

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• Siachen Glacier – ‘the highest battle field in the world’ is the land of extreme hostile climatic conditions, treacherous terrain with savage mountains. For the troops serving there, ‘courage and fortitude’ is the norm. In the local Balti language ‘Sia’ stands for ‘Wild Rose’ and ‘Chen’ means ‘place’. Wild Roses are found aplenty near the snout of the glacier and in its lower valleys. It is these roses which give the Glacier its name ‘Siachen – the place of Roses’.
• The Siachen Glacier emanates from Indira Col and runs for approximately 76.4 Km in a South-easterly direction to the source of the Nubra River. It is hemmed-in by the Saltoro Ridgeline to the West and Karakoram to the North and East. There are four important passes on the Saltoro Range namely Sia La, Bilafond La, Chulung La and Gyong La. In the South, this sector overlooks the Shyok River Valley, which lies in an East-west configuration. The area is characterised by high altitude mountainous terrain, which is glaciated and remains snow bound throughout the year. The heights in the area are between 12000 and 21000 feet.
• Prior to 1984, neither India nor Pakistan had any permanent presence in the area. In the 1970s and early 1980s, Pakistan permitted several foreign mountaineering expeditions to scale peaks on the glacier. This was with a design to reinforce its illegal claim over Siachen. In 1983-84, a force was raised by the Pakistan Army for the occupation and capture of the Saltoro Watershed; this was called the ‘Burzil Force’ and the Operation was code-named “Operation Ababeel”. However, the Indian Army launched “Operation MEGHDOOT” and defeated the nefarious designs of Pakistan Army by securing the Siachen Glacier.
• Operation MEGHDOOT was launched under HQ 26 Sector on 13 April, 1984. HQ 102 Infantry Brigade was raised on 01 March, 1985 and additional troops were deployed on the Saltoro Ridge under Operation MEGHDOOT. The formation was placed under command of 28 Infantry Division from 14 March, 1985 to 20 June, 1991 and reverted to 3 Infantry Division on 21 June, 1991. On 15 February, 2009, the Brigade was placed directly under HQ 14 Corps.
• The soldiers who defend the glacier are known as Siachen Warriors. The Siachen Warriors have made innumerable sacrifices displaying selfless devotion to the nation. The Siachen Warriors because of their deeds have been awarded with one Param Vir Chakra, one Ashok Chakra, five Mahavir Chakras, eight Kirti Chakras, thirty five Vir Chakras, thirty Shaurya Chakras, twenty two Yudh Seva Medals, two hundred nineteen Sena Medals and fifty three Mentions in Dispatches.
• Several attempts have been made by Pakistan to dislodge Indian troops from their positions. Indian troops in a testimony to their resilience, determination and bravery have thwarted these attempts even at the cost of precious and valuable lives. More than 1050 brave Indian soldiers have attained martyrdom due to weather and enemy actions in this cold and isolated battlefield.
• Text : Based on information received from the proponent.

The post Siachen Glacier appeared first on iStampGallery.

Issued by India

Issued on Oct 19, 2019

Issued for : Department of Posts is pleased to release a set of eight Commemorative Postage Stamps on Historical Gates of Indian Forts and Monuments.

Credits :
Stamps/Miniature Sheet/FDC/Brochure/Cancellation Cachet : Shri Brahm Prakash

Type : Miniature Sheet, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise (6) and 1000 Paise (2)

Stamps Printed : 5.0 Lakh each

Miniature Sheet Printed : 1.1 Lakh

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• The magnificent forts and monuments built during the Mughal times either by the Mughal rulers or the Indian Princely Royals, had mammoth entry or exit gates to their main city area. These gates not only served as controlled movement points for the common people but also the military troops during times of war. Most of these gates were later reconstructed and reinforced by the British. Standing in most cases as dividers between the old and the new city, these gates are a reminder of India’s glorious past.
• BULAND DARWAZA, FATEHPUR SIKRI
  • Buland Darwaza or the “Gate of victory”, was built in 1601 A.D. by Mughal emperor Akbar to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. It is the main entrance to the Jama Masjid at Fatehpur Sikri, which is 43 km from Agra. It is a typical example of Mughal architecture, made of red and buff sandstone, decorated by white and black marble and is higher than the courtyard of the mosque. On the outside a long flight of steps sweeps down the hill giving the gateway additional height. The total height of the structure is about 54 metres from the ground level. An inscription on the central face of the Buland Darwaza throws light on Akbar’s religious tolerance and broad mindedness. The Buland Darwaza is semi-octagonal in plan and is topped by pillars and chhatris, echoing early Mughal design with simple ornamentation, carved verses from the Koran and towering arches.
• KOTE GATE, BIKANER
  • During the medieval period, Bikaner city was also covered by a protecting wall, like other king ruled cities of Rajasthan. Kote gate is the heritage entrance gate to the old Bikaner city. Credit to its solid architecture, that even after 500 years and heavy modern day traffic everyday, Kote gate stands tall with the same royal pride. Built during the reign of King Ganga Singh, the word Kote gate is taken from word ‘Parkota’ meaning wall of city for its protection. Now it is a busy junction with the main shopping area of the city of Bikaner all around it. Kote Gate is a famous tourist attraction in the city. It overlooks the famous shopping markets. It is the entry point between the old city of Bikaner and the new city overlooking the attractive havelis, which are huge mansions with intricate architecture.
• JORAWAR SINGH GATE, JAIPUR
  • Jaipur was founded in the 16^th Century by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. He did everything to make it a spectacle for the entire world and to keep it safe from intruders. A prominent part of city’s history are the ‘Gates of Jaipur’, the original entrance into the walled city. Commonly known as the Zorawar Singh Gate, Dhruv Pol is the northernmost gate of the walled city. It is named after the Pole Star or the Dhruv Tara, a star that marks the North direction. It is also the widest of all the gates. Jorawar Singh Gate in Jaipur leads to Amber fort. Named after a general, this gate is the entryway to the northern area of the city and acts as a beautiful introduction to a walk around this part of town.
• SARDAR MARKET GATE, JODHPUR
  • Sardar Market of Jodhpur is one of the popular landmarks along with Ghanta Ghar or Clock Tower. There is a big gate with name of the market called Sardar Market gate. It is a symbol of typical Rajasthani architecture fused with Mughal architecture, with balconettes, arches and floral designs. The façade of each unit is characterised by jharokhas and openings on all sides of the gate. Made of red sandstone and white marble, this gate divides the new city from the old.
• KASHMERE GATE, DELHI
  • Kashmere Gate is the famous northern gate to the historic walled city of Delhi. Built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, it leads to the Lal Quila, the Red Fort of Delhi. The gate faces towards Kashmir, so it was named Kashmere Gate under the British Raj. During the First War of Independence of 1857, the British had used the gate to prevent the rebels from entering the city. The left leaf of the Gate was destroyed using gunpowder, starting the final assault on the rebels towards the end of Siege of Delhi. After 1857, the British moved to Civil Lines and Kashmere Gate became the fashionable and commercial centre of Delhi, a status it lost only after the creation of New Delhi in 1931. In 1965, a section of the Kashmere Gate was demolished to allow faster movement of vehicular traffic. Since then, it has become a protected monument of the Archaeological Survey of India.
• RUMI DARWAZA, LUCKNOW
  • The Rumi Darwaza sometimes known as the Turkish Gate, is an imposing gateway which was built under the patronage of Nawab Asaf–Ud–daula in 1784. It is an example of Awadhi architecture. The Rumi Darwaza, which stands 60 feet tall, was modelled after the Sublime Porte (Bab-i Hümayuo) in Istanbul. It is adjacent to the Asafi Imambara in Lucknow and has become a logo for the city of Lucknow. It used to mark the entrance to Old Lucknow City, but as the City of Nawabs grew and expanded, it was later used as an entrance to a palace which was later demolished.
• MAGAZINE GATE, AJMER
  • Magazine Gate is the main gate leading to the magazine building also known as Akbar’s Palace that was built by Akbar in A.D. 1570. Akbar used to stay here during his visit to Dargah of Khwaza Saheb. Later on, it was taken over by the British from Marathas in A.D. 1818 and was used as arsenal ground. Thereafter, this building was known as Magazine Building. This palatial building was also used as embassy building of Sir Thomas Roe, who presented his credentials to Jahangir on tenth January, A.D. 1616. In the year A.D. 1908, it was converted into Rajputana Museum. This gate is made of sandstone and is symbolic of the grand Mughal architecture.
• DELHI GATE, DELHI
  • Delhi Gate is the southern gate of the historic walled city of Old Delhi, or Shahjahanabad. The gate links the New Delhi city with the old walled city of Delhi. The Gate was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in 1638. The emperor used this gate to go to the Jama Masjid for prayer. The gate is similar in design and architecture to the northern gate of the walled city, the Kashmere Gate. It was built in sandstone and is an impressive and large structure. Near the gate entry, two stone carvings of elephants were erected. The road from this gate passes through Daryaganj leading to the Kashmere Gate. A part of the fort wall to the east has been demolished to build the Old Delhi Railway Station while the wall to the west exists.
• Text : Shri Pallab Bose

The post Historical Gates of Indian Forts and Monuments appeared first on iStampGallery.

Issued by India

Issued on Oct 15, 2019

Issued for : Department of Posts is pleased to release a set of two fragrant Commemorative Postage Stamps each on Agarwood and Orange Blossom on the theme Indian Perfumes.

Credits :
Stamps/Miniature Sheet/First Day Cover/Information Brochure : Smt. Bharati Mirchandani
Cancellation Cachet : Smt. Nenu Gupta

Type : Miniature Sheet, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 2500 Paise (2) and 2500 Paise (2)

Stamps Printed : 8.0 Lakh each

Miniature Sheets Printed : 2.0 Lakh each

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• Perfume basically refers to a scented mixture of essential oils, fixatives and solvents to provide an agreeable scent to the body, food, objects and living spaces. Etymologically speaking, the word “perfume” is derived from the Latin word, “per fumus” meaning through smoke. Perfume and perfumery finds prominence in the Indus Valley Civilization, which existed from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. One of the earliest references to distillation of perfume was in the Ayurvedic text Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita and deals mainly with the manufacturer of perfumes. It was also understood that perfumes attracted angels and warded off darkness or evil spirits. Saints and spiritual aspirants would adorn themselves with the finest scents to assist them in their journey towards enlightenment. Some of the prominent lovers of Indian perfumes, also called ittar, were the Mughal nobles of India.
• AGARWOOD perfume, also known as Oud, has a bitter sweet, woody and balsamic nuance. It is reputed to be one of the most expensive perfumes in the world. There are many names for the resinous, fragrant heartwood produced primarily by trees in the genus Aquilaria. Oil extracted from agarwood is used as a high-quality perfume. The Indian sub-continent was the main source of agarwood for many centuries. Today Agarwood plantations exist in a number of countries, including India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam etc. The best quality oil comes out from the first distillation process and after this, the wood undergoes the second distillation. Hence, it is graded according to the number of times it is cooked. With its warm, smoky balsamic fragrance it is sure to calm, inspire and brighten one’s mood.
• ORANGE BLOSSOM is aromatic, sweet and elegant and is a highly coveted scent in perfumes. It is traditionally associated with good fortune and is often favoured by brides on their wedding day. It is the fragrant flower of Citrus sinensis (orange tree) and is one of the most popular flowers in perfume making. It came to India originally through Chinese travellers and traders and later through the Portuguese and Dutch. Today India, Brazil and China are the largest cultivators of the orange tree. Orange blossom essence is an important component in the making of perfume. The fragrant flower is used by many top perfumers and is usually combined with floral bouquets and oriental scents.
• Text : Shri Pallab Bose.

The post Indian Perfumes – Agarwood and Orange Blossom appeared first on iStampGallery.