Issued by India

Issued on Dec 30, 1986

Issued for : The Department of Posts is happy to issue a commemorative stamp on the centenary of St. Martha‘s Hospital, Bangalore.

Description of Designs : The 100 p multicolour stamp shows the view of the original building of the St. Martha‘s Hospital and has been designed by India Security Press, Nashik Road. The First Day Cover based on the emblem of St. Martha‘s Hospital has been designed by Miss Nenu Bagga.

Type : Stamp, Postal Used

Colour : Multi colour

Denomination : 100 Paise

Overall size : 3.91 x 2.90 cms.

Printing size : 3.55 x 2.54 cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Paper : Imported unwatermarked adhesive gravure coated stamp paper

Number printed : 15,00,000

Number per issue sheet : 35

Printing Process : Photogravure

Printed at : India Security Press

About : 

• The Sisters of the Good Shepherd arrived in Bangalore in 1854 and immediately devoted themselves to the education of youth. In the 1870s, as a result of drought, a severe plague swept through the whole of Karnataka. The Sisters left their community to render their service to the plague-stricken people of the city. There was then no civil hospital in Bangalore and therefore the sick and the dying had to be nursed in their homes or brought into the camps put up by the government officials.
• As the need of a hospital became more and more apparent, the idea of a hospital matured in the mind of the Superior of the Good Shepherd Convent, Mother Visitation Loesch. Like minded people from both the Church and the Government came to her help in getting the project off the ground. The well-to-do public contributed to the fund, started for the purpose, and within a short time a sum of Rs. 13,000/- was raised – a sum sufficient in those days to put up the required buildings.
• Thus it was that on 1^st January 1886, St. Martha’s opened its Out-patient Department to the public and started admitting patients to the wards. The annals tell us that the Hospital could then accommodate 50 in-patients.
• Gradually gaining popularity, the verandahs of the Gothic buildings had to be closed-in to accommodate thirty additional patients. In 1929, a new building for the out-patients for Dental and Eye Departments and Operation Theatre was constructed. In 1933, a training school for nurses was opened, beginning with 12 students per year. In 1953, a large Paediatric Ward was added to the Hospital and in 1955, a Maternity Section. In 1958, an X-ray Plant was installed and in 1961, the first Electrocardiograph machine and portable X-ray were purchased. In the light of the future expansion all these were small steps.
• During the sixties, the Church requested the Sisters to allow the Hospital to be used for the training of the medical students of St. John‘s Catholic Medical College, Bangalore. This required tremendous changes both in the buildings and administration of the erstwhile ‘Peoples Hospital‘. A Surgical building of 5 floors housed the new out-patient department Paediatric and Surgical Wards and seven Operation Theatres. The Orthotic and Prosthetic Centre together with the Physiotherapy Department offered service, follow-up and rehabilitation of patients from the Orthopaedic Ward and from outside. In the mid-Seventies, a Coronary Care Unit was built to meet the increasing demand for the care of heart patients in the city.
• A glance at some statistics will give some idea of the growing popularity of the Hospital and its wider services to the community. The number of in-patients has risen from 7,050 in 1965 to 20,200 in 1985. The number of out-patients has also increased from 22,700 in the same year to over 2,08,000 in 1985. Today of a total number of 600 beds, 120 are completely free and the other one-third are concessional.
• Today as one looks back one is amazed at the growth of the Hospital. At present, six types of training programmes are conducted here; the training of Nurses and Midwives; of X-ray and Laboratory Technicians; Internships for Pharmacists and Doctors and Post-graduate Training for Doctors.

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Issued by India

Issued on Dec 30, 1986

Issued for : The Department of Posts feels privileged to issue a Commemorative stamp in honour of Shri Veer Surendra Sai in the series “India‘s struggle for Freedom“.

Description of Designs : The 50 P multicolour stamp has been designed by India Security Press, Nashik Road. The First Day Cover has been designed by Shri Kashinath Raha. The Cancellation has been designed by Mrs. Alka Sharma.

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi colour

Denomination : 50 Paise

Overall size : 4.06 x 2.73 cms.

Printing size : 3.71 x 2.38 cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Paper : Indigenous Unwatermarked P.G. Coated stamp paper

Number printed : 10,00,000

Number per issue sheet : 40

Printing Process : Photogravure

Printed at : India Security Press

Name : Surendra Sai

Born on Jan 23, 1809 at Khinda, Bengal Presidency, British India [now in Sambalpur, Odisha]

Died on May 23, 1884 at Asirgarh Fort, Central Provinces, British India [now at Satpura Range, Madhya Pradesh]

About : 

• The story of the first Indian struggle for freedom of 1857 would not be complete without the mention of Veer Surendra Sai. Though the great revolt of 1857 was suppressed elsewhere in India by 1858, it continued till 1862 in the district of Sambalpur in Orissa, largely due to efforts of Veer Surendra Sai.
• Born on 23^rd January, 1809 in the Village Khinda about 30 kms in the north of Sambalpur in Orissa, Surendra Sai was one of the seven children of Dharma Singh. In a claim to the throne of Sambalpur, Surendra Sai rose in rebellion against the British much before there was any sign of mutiny of 1857. Surendra Sai was imprisoned for 5 years, a term which was later converted to life imprisonment.
• Surendra Sai along with his brother broke open from jail after 17 years. Soon Surendra Sai established himself with a contingent of about 1600 men and fought constant battles with the British. The British strengthened their forces at Sambalpur but in spite of all efforts, Surendra Sai still remained at large. In 1861, conciliatory measures were adopted by the British to offer free pardon to rebels. While the first proclamation of amnesty excluded Surendra Sai, his brother, Udwant Sai and his son Mitrabhanu, second amnesty proclamation extended amnesty to these three leaders. Followers of Surendra Sai continued defiance against the British. Captain Cumberledge considered Surendra Sai to be the brain behind the fresh uprising. Surendra Sai and some of his followers including his son in his own house were arrested at Khinda on January 23, 1864. It was not proved before the Judicial Commissioner, Mr. J.S. Campbell that Surendra Sai was responsible for fresh uprising and revolt. Nevertheless Surendra Sai and six others were detained at Nagpur on the ground that Surendra Sai was a dangerous political offender, likely to disturb the tranquility of the district, if released. All the seven prisoners were taken to the Fort of Asirgarh in 1866. Surendra Sai died in prison on February 28, 1884.

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Issued by India

Issued on Dec 29, 1986

Issued for : The Department of Posts feels privileged to issue a commemorative stamp in honour of the great martyr Shri Sagarmal Gopa in the series “India‘s struggle for freedom“.

Description of Designs : The 50 P multicolour stamp has been designed by India Security Press, Nashik Road. The First Day Cover has been designed by Shri Kashinath Raha. The Cancellation has been designed by Miss Nenu Bagga.

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi colour

Denomination : 50 Paise

Overall size : 4.06 x 2.73 cms.

Printing size : 3.71 x 2.38 cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Paper : Imported unwatermarked adhesive P.G. coated stamp paper

Number printed : 10,00,000

Number per issue sheet : 40

Printing Process : Photogravure

Printed at : India Security Press

Name : Sagarmal Gopa

Born on Nov 3, 1900 at Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, India

Died on Apr 4, 1946

About : 

• Shri Sagarmal Gopa, the freedom fighter of Jaisalmer, was born on 3^rd November, 1900 in an affluent Brahmin family. His ancestors were the Rajgurus of Jaisalmer kingdom and were serving on the prestigious posts of the state. Shri Sagarmal Gopa was the son of Shri Akhya Raj who was in the state service of Jaisalmer. He was disturbed by the attitude adopted by the state towards the freedom movement and preferred to migrate with his family to Nagpur.
• Shri Sagarmal Gopa was a devoted patriot and freedom fighter. In 1921 he took active part in non co-operation movement. He vehemently opposed the anti-people attitude of the then rulers. He took keen interest in the affairs of the princely states. His zeal for public service and other freedom movement activities compelled the administration to ban his entry into Jaisalmer and Hyderabad. Inspite the ban he continued his activities and took part in the conferences of All India Council of Princely states. He motivated the public to take part in freedom movement through press. “Jaisalmer Rajya Ka Gunda Shasan” and “Raghunath Singh Ka Mukadma” are some of his notable books.
• Shri Gopa‘s exile from Jaisalmer could not abate his love for his motherland and he continued to take keen interest in the activities of Jaisalmer state. One and a half years after the death of his father in October 1938, he again thought of returning to Jaisalmer. The then Resident of Jaisalmer state had given verbal and written assurances that no case is registered against him, hence he should not apprehend any ill treatment. Contrary to these assurances, he was arrested on 25^th May, 1941 and sent to jail for many years where he was badly tortured. He was arrested without assigning any reason for it when he was about to leave Jaisalmer as per his pre-determined programme. While bearing all sorts of cruelties at the hands of jail officials, he ultimately breathed his last on 4^th April, 1946.
• On 27^th April, 1946 making special mention, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru said, “We have heard that Shri Sagar Mal Gopa, the well known political worker of Jaisalmer had died in the jail. We have been informed that he had committed suicide. This is unbelievable statement about Shri Gopa who was imprisoned. We have made deep enquiries into the case and piteous facts have come to light. It is obvious that Shri Sagarmal Gopa was burnt alive on 3^rd April. This sort of ill-treatment with any person in general and with politicians in particular is very horrid and nothing less than hooliganism.“
• The sacrifice of Shri Sagarmal Gopa proved to be an inspiration for the people of Jaisalmer and its surrounding areas to participate in the freedom movement. His martyrdom gave a new direction to the thinking of the public and gave strength to the feeling of breaking the hands of servility.

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Issued by Nepal

Issued on Dec 28, 1986

Issued for : The present postage stamp brought out to commemorate the International Year of Peace 1986 depicts the logo of the same.

Issued by :
His Majesty’s Government
Postal Services Department
Nepal Philatelic Bureau
Kathmandu

Designer : K. Karmacharya

Type : Stamp, Postal Used

Denomination : Rs. 10.00

Colour : 4 Colours

Size : 24.5 mm x 33 mm

Paper : Special Stamp paper

Quantity : 10,00,000 (one million)

Sheet : 50

Process : Offset

Printer : Austrian State Printing office, Vienna, Austria

About : 

• On October 24, 1985 at the 40^th anniversary of the United Nations, the General Assembly proclaimed 1986 as the International Year of Peace and called upon all peoples to join with the United Nations in resolute efforts to safeguard peace and future of humanity.
• Keeping in line with the proposal of His Majesty King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev that Nepal be declared a Zone of Peace and also the commitment of Nepal for safeguarding and promoting international peace, she has been celebrating the Year with various programmes.

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Issued by Nepal

Issued on Dec 28, 1986 [13 Paush 2043]

Designer : M. N. Rana

Type : Stamp, Postal Used

Denomination : 1 Rupee

Colour : 6 Colours

Size : 25 mm x 40 mm

Format : Vertical

Paper : Special stamp paper

Quantity : 6,000,000 (Six millions)

Sheet : 50

Process : Offset

Printer : Austrian State Printing Office, Vienna, Austria

Name : Birendra Bir Bikram Shah

Born on Dec 28, 1945 at Kathmandu, Nepal

Died on Jun 1, 2001 at Kathmandu, Nepal

About : 

• “The Nepalese people are aware as to how the Panchayat System while successfully maintaining peace and stability in the country has also achieved many significant milestones in the social and economic life of the nation.“ – H. M. King Birendra

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Issued by India

Issued on Dec 26, 1986

Issued for : The Department of Post is happy to issue a commemorative stamp on Sri Alluri Seetarama Raju in the series ‘India’s struggle for freedom’.

Description of Design : The 50 Paise multicolour stamp of Sri Alluri Seeta Rama Raju has been designed by India Security Press, Nashik Road. The first day cover design has been given by Shri Kashi Nath Raha. The Cancellation has been prepared by Miss Nenu Bagga.

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi colour

Denomination : 50 Paise

Overall size : 4.06 x 2.73 cms.

Printing size : 3.71 x 2.38 cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Paper : Indigenous unwatermarked P.G. Matt coated stamp paper

Number printed : 10,00,000

Number per issue sheet : 40

Printing Process : Photogravure

Printed at : India Security Press

Name : Alluri Sitarama Raju

Born on Jul 4, 1897 at Pandrangi village, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India

Died on May 7, 1924 at Koyyuru village, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India

About : 

• Sri Alluri Seetarama Raju is remembered as a great son of India in the annals of Indian History of the early period of the freedom struggle.
• Born on 4.7.1897, in a renowned kashtriya clan, he fought against the mighty British war-machine, leading tribesmen of Andhra Pradesh with old traditional war weaponry and sacrificed his life true to his clan in the battle field.
• While he was studying at Kakinada he got his political contact with Sri Madduri Annapurnayya, a great freedom-fighter, and Rallapalli Atchuta Ramayya, a great scholar.
• At the age of 15, Raju was shifted to Visakhapatnam for his studies. Though he had little inclination for school studies, he was very keen and began to acquire knowledge of the political situation in India.
• Sri Alluri Sitarama Raju went deep into Gond land where nearly a thousand tribals had sacrificed their lives during the first war of independence in 1857.
• He attended the A.I.C.C. sessions at Gaya in 1916 and at Kakinada in 1923 and got blessings of the top-ranking leaders of India.
• Raju inspired and organized the tribals to wage war against the British. Soon Raju’s plan of action took shape with vigour and quickness. On 22/8/1922 Raju’s Army raided Chintapalli Police Station, on 23^rd Krishnadevipeta Police Station, and on 24^th Rajavommangi and captured a good number of guns, bayonets and cartridges and swords. He set free the revolutionary, Veerayya Dora from jail.
• The British Army got alerted and platoons of Police and Army were sent to capture Seetarama Raju. At Peddavalasa, Raju attacked the British Army. They were defeated during this battle and suffered very heavy casualties and retreated. From that day onwards there was a regular warfare between Raju and the Britishers. Raju came out triumphant in all.
• Virtually for two years from 1922 to 1924 Seetarama Raju ruled over vast agency area and became a terror to the British rulers.
• Later British rulers deployed big contingents of Assam Rifles and others. Fighting a fierce battle, Raju laid down his life and attained martyrdom.

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Issued by Israel

Issued on 18 Dec, 1986

Issued for : This stamp is issued along with other stamps brought out by the Israel Philatelic Services in honour of the non-Jewish population of Israel. Examples of other such stamps are – the al-Jazzar Mosque in Akko; the Tomb of Nabi Sabalan in Hurfeish and the ISRAPHIL 85 souvenir sheet of the Dome of the Rock, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Western Wall.

These stamps express the freedom of worship for all, which is a corner-stone of the Israel democracy.

Designer : A. Berg

Type : Stamp, Postal Used

Colour : Multi colour

Denomination : 70 agorot

About : 

• Nazareth, an old city in the heart of Lower Galilee, has many tourist attractions and many points of interest for pilgrims. Its name is not mentioned in the Old Testament but appears several times in the New Testament and in non-Christian sources from the third and fourth centuries. For hundreds of millions of Christians, Nazareth is the cradle of the origin of their faith as, according to the Christian religion, it was here that Mary was annunciated on the birth of her son and it was here that he spent his formative years.
• The town has gone through many historical phases; more than once it has been conquered, destroyed and rebuilt. During recent years Nazareth has developed and become the centre of Galilee where many tourists and pilgrims come to see the holy sites of Christianity and other religions such as the Grotto of the Annunciation and the Catholic Basilica of the Annunciation, Mary’s Well, St. Joseph’s Church, Greek Orthodox Churches and also smaller churches, monasteries, seminaries and mosques of which the most important are the White Mosque and the Mosque of Peace. Nazareth is also a good base for visitors to the holy and historical sites which are in the vicinity, like Zippori and Kfar–Kanna, Mount Tabor and sites around the Sea of Galilee.
• The Basilica of the Annunciation – the Franciscan Basilica, which is shown on the stamp, is located in the centre of Nazareth and impresses one with its architectural beauty. Its rebuilding was initiated by the franciscan fathers of the custody of the Holy Land during the 1960s above the Grotto of the Annunciation and on the remains of old churches that had been built above the cave during different historical periods. Pope Paul VI visited the Church during his visit to Nazareth in 1964. The Church was planned by the Italian architect Giovani Muzio and built by the “Solel Boneh” Company. The Basilica is made up of two parts – the lower part which includes the Annunciation Grotto and different old remains, and the upper part which is crowned with a dome which resembles an inverted rose, the roots of which reach up to 60 m. Inside the Church there is a large mosaic depicting the Madonna, the Mother of the Church, which can be seen above the main altar. The inside walls of the Church are adorned by several mosaics – gifts from different countries round the world.
• Antoine Shaheen, Nazareth

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Issued by India

Issued on Dec 15, 1986

Issued for : The Department of Posts is happy to issue a set of two commemorative stamps on the 50^th Anniversary of the Corbett National Park.

Description of Designs : The transparencies for the two multicolour stamps of 100p and 200p have been supplied by Kunwar Bijendra Singh. The preliminary designs have been given by Smt. Pratibha Pandey. The final artwork has been prepared by India Security Press, Nashik Road. The 100p denomination stamp depicts the Asiatic Elephant and the 200p stamp depicts the Gharial (Gavialis Gangeticus). The first day cover has been designed by Shri R. N. Pasricha. The cancellation has been prepared by Mrs. Alka Sharma.

Type : Stamps, Postal Used

Colour : Multi colour

Denomination : 100 & 200 Paise

Overall size : 3.91 x 2.90 cms.

Printing size : 3.55 x 2.54 cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Paper : Imported unwatermarked adhesive gravure coated stamp paper

Number printed : 15,00,000

Number per issue sheet : 35

Printing Process : Photogravure

Printed at : India Security Press

About : 

• Corbett National Park which was established on August 8, 1936 is the country’s first National Park. Originally named The Hailey National Park after Sir Malcolm Hailey, the Governor of the United Provinces, who had taken a keen interest in the creation of this park. It was renamed the Ramganga National Park after independence. Considering Jim Corbett’s special contribution in creation of this park, its name was again changed to Corbett National Park after this famous hunter, author and wildlife conservationist who died in 1955.
  
• The Park roughly trapezoidal in shape, is situated in the central foot-hills of the Himalayas within the civil districts of Nainital and Garhwal, comprising a total area of 520.82 sq. kms. Of which 329.98 sq. kms. constitute the tranquil core or the sanctorum, and the rest forming the buffer. The river Ramganga is the only major perennial source of water. Corbett National Park, one of the best potential habitats of the Tiger in the Himalayan Region and probably of the whole of India with its brightest promise of successful perpetuations of ‘Stripes’, and forming almost a compact biomass fairly free from biotic interference, was aptly given the unique distinction of being chosen during April 1973 as the venue for the inauguration of the launching of the famous and now prestigious project called ‘Project Tiger’. Project Tiger started functioning in the Park with effect from February, 1974.
  
• The Corbett National Park is extremely rich and varied both in its flora and fauna composition. More than 500 species of ferns and flowering plants have been recorded.
  
• The Park has a great a variety of fauna on account of diversity of cover and available food:–
  • (i) Pisces: The river Ramganga sustains a variety of fish, the ‘mahaseer’ (Barbus tor) being the main species found throughout the length of the river. The other important species are ‘Kalimachi’ (Barbus Chilinodes), ‘Kalabasu’ (Labeo calbasu), ‘Chilwa’ (Oxygaster bacaila), ‘Goonch’ (Bagarius bagarius).
  • (ii) Reptiles: Aquatic reptiles found in the Park are ‘magar’ or marsh crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris), ‘gharial’ (Gavialis gangeticus) and water monitor (Varanus salvator). Monitor lizard ‘goh’ (Varanus bengalensis) is quite common. Snakes worthy of mention are King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), common krait (Bungarus caeruleus), Cobra (Naja naja), Russell’s Viper (Vipera russelli) and Python (Python molurus).
  • (iii) Birds: The Park is very rich in avifauna – Zoological survey of India have recorded over 585 species of resident and migratory birds. The newly created Ramganga reservoir has started attracting lots of ducks, storks, cormorants and even gulls.
  • (iv) Mammals: Among the primates ‘langur’ (Presbytis entellus) and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) are quite common and are associates of principal deer species ‘Cheetal’ or spotted dear (Axis axis). ‘Sambar’ (Cervus unicolor), ‘Hogodeer’ (Axis porcinus), ‘Barking Deer’ (Muntiacus muntjak) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) are fairly numerous and form the main prey base over which the predators, tiger (Panthera tigris) and leopard (Panthera pardus) thrive. Ghoral (Naemorhedus goral) is found on steeper slopes. Otter (Lutra lutra) is common. Jungle cat (Felis chaus), leopard cat (Felis bengalensis), Jackal (Canis aureus), Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), porcupine (Hystrix indica) and hare (Lepus nigricollis) are the other common mammals of the Park.
    
• The asiatic elephants are wide spread in the Park right from November to June. During the rainy season they migrate to other forest areas outside leaving a few herds inside the Park.
  
• Text: Courtesy Corbett National Park.

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Issued by India

Issued on Dec 12, 1986

Issued for : The Department of Posts is privileged to issue a commemorative stamp on the great musician and composer Tansen.

Description of Design : The 100 P denomination multicolour stamp on Tansen depicting the portrait of Tansen designed by India Security Press, Nashik Road. The first day cover has been designed by Shri R. N. Pasricha. The cancellation has been designed by Mrs. Alka Sharma.

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi colour

Denomination : 100 Paise

Printed : India Security Press

Name : Ramtanu Mishra

Born on 1493 at Behat, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Died on 1585 at Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India

About : 

• In the history of Hindustani music, there is no name so fascinating, and so haloed by the story of countless legends as Tansen‘s. Born in the early seventeenth century to a Brahmin poet, Makerand Pande and his wife with the blessings of a sufi fakir, Muhammad Ghaus, the child was known by various names, both hindu and muslim. It was Maharaja Ramniranjan of Gwalior who conferred on him the name of Miyan Tansen, a name, by which he is best known.
  
• Tansen had his musical education from the great ascetic scholar, musician and composer, Swami Haridas of Brindaban. Soon after he became an accomplished musician, Tansen was made the Court-musician. Tansen was made the Court-musician by the Rewa-ruler, Ramsinghji. Before long, Tansen‘s fame spread far and wide and Emperor Akbar himself called him to his Court and made him one of the ‘Nine Jewels‘ of the Imperial Court.
  
• The art of Hindustani music reached its highest watermark in Tansen‘s time. It was he who perfected and popularised the dignified and difficult Dhrupads. Tansen‘s music followers and descendants sang only Dhrupads and are known as the Seniya Gharana. He had as his contemporaries a brilliant galaxy of musicians and poets like Naik Biju, Tulsidas, Ramdas, Meerabai, Surdas and others. He was not only the greatest Dhrupad-singer but a great musician and skilled composer as well. Abul Fazal wrote: “For a thousand years, there has not been a musician like Tansen“. Tansen is also remembered as the author of two very valuable books “Sangeet–Sara“ and “Ragmala“.
  
• Tansen‘s entire family and the Emperor himself were at his bedside, during his last hours, in Gwalior. The humble memorial to this great genius in Gwalior is today the pilgrimage spot of all music-lovers.
  
• Courtesy : Sangeet Natak Akademi.

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Issued by India

Issued on Dec 11, 1986

Issued for : The Department of Posts is happy to issue a set of two stamps on the occasion of the 40^th Anniversary of UNICEF.

Description of Designs : The set of two stamps of 50 p and 500 p denominations depicting the themes “immunization of the Child” and “growth monitoring” have been designed by India Security Press, Nashik Road. The First Day Cover depicts the UNICEF logo. The cancellation design depicting the 40^th anniversary logo has been prepared by Miss Nenu Bagga.

Type : Stamps, Postal Used

Colour : Multi colour

Denomination : 50 & 500 Paise

Overall size : 3.91 x 2.90 cms.

Printing size : 3.55 x 2.54 cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Paper : Imported unwatermarked adhesive gravure coated stamp paper

Number Printed : 15,00,000

Number per issue sheet : 35

Printing Process : Photogravure

Printed at : India Security Press

About : 

• On December 11, 1986, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) completes 40 years of work on behalf of children. During those four decades, UNICEF has worked steadily with national governments to protect the lives of children and to promote their development.
• UNICEF was created at the first session of the United Nations General Assembly. For its first several years – when it was the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund – UNICEF’s resources were largely devoted to meeting the urgent needs of children in post-war Europe and China for food, drugs and clothing. But it became increasingly evident that the needs of children in many other countries constituted another, more ‘silent’, emergency. In December 1950, the General Assembly redirected the Fund’s mandate to programmes of long-range benefit ti children in developing countries. In October 1953, the General Assembly decided that UNICEF should continue this work indefinitely and changed its name to United Nations Children’s Fund, although the well-known acronym “UNICEF” was retained.
• In 1965, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to UNICEF, recognizing that the well-being of today’s children is inseparable from the peace of tomorrow’s world. UNICEF has worked closely with the Government of India since 1949. Its programme of cooperation in India constitutes its largest commitment to any single country among the 118 with whom it now works. Among the important programmes of cooperation are the push for comprehensive immunization and the control of diarrhoea. India has begun a determined national offensive against the six preventable diseases that now kill nearly one million of its children every year before they reach the age of one. A dynamic five-year crusade to immunize all infants during their first year of life, and all pregnant women, started on 19^th November 1985, late Mrs. Indira Gandhi‘s birth anniversary. Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi pledged this programme as a “living memorial” to her concern for the very young.
• India‘s historic new initiatives for her children’s future are being actively supported by UNICEF. This includes a funding commitment for 1985-89 of $ 29 million for the nation-wide immunization measures. The many other spheres of UNICEF cooperation in India also include water and environment sanitation, community education and special training for women. UNICEF’s work depends entirely on voluntary contributions. Government of India’s generous contribution ranks 16^th worldwide.

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