Issued by India

Issued on Aug 30, 1989

Descriptions of Designs : The stamp and First Day cover depict the personality based on photographs supplied by the Turkish Embassy in India. The cancellation has been designed by Mrs. Nenu Gupta.

Type : Stamp, Postal Used

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Overall size : 3.91 x 2.90 cms.

Printing size : 3.55 x 2.54 cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Paper : Imported Un W/M adh. Gr. Coated stamp paper

Number Printed : 5,00,000

Number per issue sheet : 35

Printing Process : Photogravure

Printed : India Security Press

Name : Ali Riza oglu Mustafa (Mustafa son of Ali Rıza)

Born on May 19, 1881 at Thessaloniki, Greece

Died on Nov 10, 1938 at Istanbul, Turkey

About : 

• Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the Founder and First President of the Republic of Turkey, was born in 1881 in a modest family. After completing secondary education, he entered the Military Lycee. After graduating from the Military Lycee, he went on to join the Istanbul War School from where he graduated with honours. In 1905, he received his diploma as Staff Captain from the Military Staff Academy.
• As a staff officer his work was soon appreciated. Between 1905 and 1918, he obtained with merit, superior grades in the military hierarchy. He showed exceptional qualities of organisation and control while at the head of the army. He represented Turkish Armed Forces at several military manoeuvres in Europe. In 1911 he fought against Italians in Tripoli and in 1914 he was Military Attache in Sofia. During the First World War he fought against the British and Russian forces.
• He started the Turkish War of National Liberation on May 19, 1919. After the First World War when Turkey was invaded and Western Anatolia occupied, he started preparations for the war of National Independence from Samsun, a port on the Black Sea Coast. He stated his aim very clearly “….This country, under all circumstances, will become modern, civilized and innovative….”. After the attainment of independence in 1922, Ataturk’s main activities consisted of focussing on reforms aimed at modernising the nation. He abolished the Sultanate in 1922 and proclaimed the Republic in 1923. The Khalifat as well as all theocratical institutions were done away with in 1924. He introduced the principle of secularism as one of the basic principles of the new state. A variety of socio-political reforms were introduced.
• Adoption of international calendar and time, adoption of new secular laws, adoption of Latin alphabet, law changing the situation of women in economic and social life (right to vote and be elected) are some of his main reforms. Ataturk’s guide in life was science. His views on education “…required generations which were absolutely free in thought, conscience and education”.
• The basic idea and spiritual and intellectual aspect of Ataturk’s views were based on universal Peace. All his life he considered war as a crime. According to him, war was justified, however, as an instrument to defend justice. It is in the light of this belief, that Ataturk formulated the most essential principle of the Republic of Turkey: “Peace at home, peace in the world”. The National Liberation Movement in Turkey evoked strong support in India. The Indian support was not only moral – a fund raised with the collection of individual contributions was sent to Turkey, which was used to equip a full-fledged regiment.
• Jawaharlal Nehru often cited Ataturk as a shining example for India in its struggle for freedom. In a speech in 1928, Nehru said “…..We have seen what can be done in a brief span of years and even months by Kemal Pasha who is not afraid to break through ancient custom and prejudice. What has been done in Turkey can be done in India. But it can only be done in the manner of Kemal Pasha, by fearlessly facing obstacles and removing them and not waiting till the crack of doom for slow reform….”.
• Text : Courtesy Turkish Embassy in India.

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Issued by Pakistan

Issued on May 19, 1981

Issued for : Pakistan Post Office is issuing one postage stamp of Rupee one denomination on the 19^th May, 1981, to commemorate the Birth Centenary of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk falling in May, 1981.

Designer : Adil Salahuddin

Type : Stamp, Postal Used

Denomination : Re. 1/-

Colours : Yellow, blue, red and black

Size of Stamp : 34 x 57.30 m.m.

Size of Print : 30 x 53.30 m.m.

Perforation : 13 C

Quantity : 5,00,000

No. of stamps in one sheet : 48 (forty eight)

Process of Printing : Litho Offset

Printers : The Pakistan Security Printing Corporation Karachi

Name : Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Born on May 19, 1881 at Salonica, Salonica Vilayet, Ottoman Empire [now Thessaloniki, Greece]

Died on Nov 10, 1938 at Dolmabahçe Palace, Istanbul, Turkey

About : 

• Mustafa Kemal, also called Mustafa Kemal Pasha was born in a family of humble origins in 1881 at Salonika, Greece. He graduated from the Military Academy at Istanbul in 1902 and joined the Army. After World War I he was posted in the Ministry of War. He supported the idea of an independent Turkey. He consequently resigned from the Army and was chosen President of National Congress. In 1920 when the British formally occupied Turkey and dissolved the Chamber of Deputies, he opened the first Grand National Assembly of Turkey; the Assembly then assumed National sovereignty with Mustafa Kemal as President and Prime Minister of the state. After militarily consolidating his control of Anatolia, Mustafa Kemal proclaimed a republic and was elected its first President (1922). The peace treaty of 1923 established Turkey‘s complete independence. In 1924 Mustafa Kemal abolished the caliphate, and started his programme of sweeping reforms in Turkish politics, law and culture.
• Mustafa Kemal is known as a soldier, statesman, reformer, founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. He modernized the legal and educational systems and raised the status of women. In 1933 the name of Ataturk (Father of Turks) was conferred on him in recognition of his services for the Turkish nation. Mustafa Kemal, died in Istanbul on 10^th of November, 1938.
• Issued by : The Director General, Pakistan Post Office, Islamabad.

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Issued by Pakistan

Issued on Oct 29, 1973

Design : The stamp is horizontal in format. A view of the modern city of Ankara is shown on the left and the portrait of Mustafa Kemal Ata Turk on the right side.

Type : Stamp, Postal Used

Denomination : 50 Paisa

Colour : Yellow / Blue / Red / Black

Size of Stamp : 49.2 x 30.7 m.m.

Size of Print : 46.2 x 27.7 m.m.

Perforation gauge : 13 x 13 (C)

Quantity printed : 5,00,000

Number of Stamps in each sheet : 50 (fifty)

Process of printing : Litho Offset

Printers : The Pakistan Security Printing Corporation Ltd., Karachi

About : 

• For a nation which stood at the verge of collapse and faced virtual annihilation, the moments of struggle and the final triumph are too dear to be forgotten by vicissitudes of time. The proud and happy Turkish nation of today is not likely ever to forget the glorious struggle for survival led by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Ottoman Empire, having been defeated in World War I was forced to sign the ignominious Treaty of Sevres which aimed at the disintegration of the country and its occupation by the enemies. Ataturk refused to acknowledge this shameful Treaty and immediately launched a national struggle for the country’s independence. He had to succeed if the name of Turkey was to remain on the map, for its enemies were determined to wipe it out by apportioning to themselves what was left of the great Ottoman Empire. Struggling untiringly with great farsight and self-reliance Ataturk achieved his objective and, in 1923, Turkey signed the Treaty of Laussane on its own terms. The momentous victory of the Turks is the shining chapter of history all too familiar to friends and foes alike.
• The indomitable courage and determination of the Turkish nation had saved the homeland and it was very natural that the nation be the custodian of its own destiny. Moreover, the 20^th century had brought a wind of change. And a free and dynamic people must keep pace with the fast moving current of time in order to live with freedom and honour. It was therefore a natural sequence to the events of recent history and culmination of the inexorable process of evolution that Turkey was declared a Republic on 29^th October, 1923. Ataturk had said “Sovereignty belongs unconditionally and without reservation to the Nation”. This epigram which had become a country-wide slogan during the national struggle, ultimately became a reality and, today, it is one of the fundamental articles of the Turkish Constitution.
• Fifty years have passed since the birth of the Turkish Republic, and during this period of half a century the world has seen many crises including the great human calamity, the World War II. Destinies of many a people have changed, and yet many others are struggling to find their rightful place in this world. Each passing year was no less than a raging storm, but like a young sapling bending with howling winds with its roots firmly in the ground, the young Republic withstood the caprices of time. Each year on 29 October, while celebrating the anniversary of the Republic, the Turkish nation looks back with satisfaction over its achievements and feels happy at the ever growing strength of the Republic.
• This year the Turks throughout the world will be celebrating the 50^th anniversary of the Republic. Guided by the abiding principles of Ataturk the Turkish nation has covered a long distance since the founding of the Republic. If the Turks are proud of their achievements of the last fifty years, they are still more proud that they progressed under the rule of democracy. It is very important to note that in all the ups and downs of the past half century the nation faithfully adhered to the principles laid down by Ataturk. These principles or rather reforms of Ataturk in the economic, social, legal, educational and ideological fields gave an effective impetus to the country’s progress, and have always been the source of strength and the guiding factor in every aspect of Turkish national life.
• In celebrating the 50^th anniversary of the Republic, the Turkish nation is not only looking back proudly to all these fruitful years, but is also looking forward confidently to the future. The celebration of the 50^th anniversary is a renewal of the nation’s pledge to defend at all costs the independence of the country and the Republic, and to achieve Ataturk‘s ideal of “surpassing the level of contemporary civilization”.
• The relations between Pakistan and Turkey have always been very Cordial and the people of Pakistan and Turkey have brotherly feelings for each other. With the signing of the tripartite movement of Regional Co-operation for Development (R.C.D.), nine years ago, between the two countries and Iran these bonds have been further strengthened. The R.C.D. in the short span of nine years has given content to a dream, substance to an idea and shape to a hope which beacons to a new era of co-operation, Socio-cultural Collaboration and planned economic growth between the three countries. To-day the people of Pakistan join their brethren in Turkey in their happiness and whole heartedly congratulate them on this auspicious occasion of the 50^th Anniversary of the Republic of Turkey.
• Issued by The Director-General, Pakistan Post Office, Karachi.

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Issued by Pakistan

Issued on Nov 10, 1963

Issued for : Pakistan Post Office is bringing out a Postage Stamp on the 25^th Death Anniversary of Ataturk to commemorate the brilliant achievements of that great Muslim leader who created modern Turkey with which Pakistan has long-standing fraternal pacts and friendship.

Design : Mausoleum of Kemal Ataturk with the words “25^th Death Anniversary of Kemal Ataturk, 1880-1938, November 10, 1963”.

Type : Stamp, Postal Used

Denomination : 50 Paisa

Colour : Red

Size of Stamp : 39 x 25.1 mm

Size of Print : 36 x 22 mm

Perforation Gauge : 13 x 13½ (c)

Quantity Printed : 5,00,000

Number of stamps in each sheet : 80

Process of Printing : Intaglio

Printers : The Pakistan Security Printing Corporation Ltd., Karachi

Name : Ali Rıza oğlu Mustafa

Born on May 19, 1881 at Salonica, Salonica Vilayet, Ottoman Empire [now Thessaloniki, Greece]

Died on Nov 10, 1938 at Dolmabahçe Palace, Istanbul, Turkey

About : 

• Kemal Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, was born in 1880 at Selanik, a city of the then Ottoman Empire. His father Ali Riza Efendi, a timber merchant, died when Ataturk was yet in his teens. In the beginning, Ataturk was admitted in a school employing modern methods of teaching but after his father’s death, he had to leave the school due to financial difficulties and to work as a farm hand near his native place. Soon, however, his mother persuaded him to resume his studies and, in course of time, he went to the Military School where, because of his outstanding abilities, his mathematics teacher gave him the title ‘KEMAL’ (meaning clever). Since then, he is known as “Mustafa Kemal”. He graduated from the Istanbul Staff College in 1905 as a Staff Captain and joined the secret society of Young Turks. Mustafa Kemal played an important part in the events of 1908.
• In the First World War, it was his brilliant action in the Gallipoli campaign (1915) which led to the defeat of the Allies. In 1919, he was appointed as Inspector-General in Anatolia where he is able to crystalise his movement at two momentous national congresses, Erzurum and Sivas. As an aftermath of the first World War, the Turkish Nationalist forces had to fight on several fronts. The most important front was in the west, where the invading Greek armies were trying to enlarge the territories they had forcibly seized. But under the brilliant leadership of Mustafa Kemal, the Turkish armies were victorious on all the fronts and finally on August 30, 1922, the Turks defeated the invading Greek armies and forced them to quit Turkey. With the signing of the Lausanne Treaty (July 24, 1923), the Treaty of Sevres was abrogated and Turkey’s independence, integrity and sovereignty was recognised by the world powers.
• Turkey was proclaimed as Republic on October 29, 1923. Since then, Turkey took great strides on the road to progress. Due to shortage and shyness of private capital, the foundations of Turkish industry were built as a state enterprise. And, Mustafa Kemal was successful in channelising the intense nationalism of the people into productive patriotism. In fact, his patriotism was the driving force behind the internal reforms as well as the basis of the new foreign policy of the Turkish Republic. Ataturk’s foreign policy was based on his sincere desire for peace and aversion to ‘foreign adventures’. “Peace in the country, peace in the world” was the rock-bottom of his foreign policy. The greatest achievement of Ataturk is his realisation of the real frontiers of the new Turkey.
• Ataturk had achieved in a comparatively short time what many had failed to accomplish in long stretches of years. Ataturk who died on November 10, 1938 in Istanbul was loved by his people as few leaders had ever been loved. In the words of a foreign newsman, he was a dictator who ‘dedicated to the hearts’. He was so much a part of his people and so much their driving force that after his death, life without him seemed impossible for them. The Republic he had founded and the reforms he had achieved were, however, so deep-rooted and durable that there was no chaos, no anarchy. And, the Turkish nation without interruption continued and still continues in its quest for a better life and a better world, guided by the ever-lasting principles of Ataturk.
• With the compliments of the Director-General, Pakistan Post Office, Karachi.

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