Issued by India

Issued on Dec 14, 2025

Issued for : India Post proudly releases a Commemorative Postage Stamp on the occasion of his 1,350^th birth anniversary, celebrating the life and legacy of Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II, a king whose strength in battle was matched by his wisdom in rule, and whose enduring impact still echoes in the temples, texts, and traditions of Tamil Nadu.

Credits :
Stamp/FDC/Brochure/Cancellation Cachet : Shri Brahm Prakash

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 305130

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II was one of the most distinguished rulers of ancient Tamil Nadu. Also known as Suvaran Maran and Perarasar Perumbidugu, he ruled the fertile and culturally vibrant Kaveri delta region with unmatched leadership, courage, and a deep commitment to public welfare during the 8^th century CE.
• He reigned from Tiruchirappalli, extending his authority across what is today Thanjavur, Pudukkottai, Perambalur, and Thiruvarur. Belonging to the renowned Mutharaiyar dynasty, which governed the heart of Tamil Nadu between 600 and 900 CE, his lineage is celebrated for its remarkable contributions to military, administrative, religious, and cultural spheres. As members of the powerful hunter-warrior communities of India, the Mutharaiyar rulers rose to prominence through their martial skills and became custodians of Tamil society’s spiritual and literary traditions.
• His military campaigns were fought across several strategically significant regions such as Kodumbalur, Manalur, Thingalur, Kanthalur, Azhundhiyur, Karai, Marangur, Pugazhi, Annalvayil, Sembonmari, Vengodal, and Kannanur. These successful campaigns helped solidify his dominion over key trade routes and cultural centers of the Kaveri delta. His exceptional command and fearless leadership earned him several honorific titles which were later engraved in temple pillars and copper plates. These include Chatru Kesari, Abimana Theeran, Vazhvari Vengai, Shri Chathru Mallan, Shri Kalvar Kalvan, Thanjaikon, Vallakkon, and Vanmaran. Each title reflected a distinct facet of his legacy — as a protector, warrior, strategist, and noble ruler.
• Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II was not only a valiant king but also a generous patron of Tamil literature, poetry, and temple architecture. His court welcomed and supported several celebrated Tamil poets and scholars of the time. Among them were Pachizhvel Namban, Kottatru Vellam Perumanar, Aachariyar Aniruthar, and Amarunilai Ayina Kuvavan Kanchan, whose verses immortalised his achievements and ideals.
• These literary compositions, particularly the Venbaas, were later inscribed on temple walls, ensuring their preservation through generations. The Sendalai Sundhareswarar Temple in Thanjavur district houses many of these inscriptions. These verses not only celebrate his conquests and valour but also offer insights into the cultural and ethical foundations of his rule.
• Equally important was his devotion to religion and temple-building. He extended royal patronage to several temples, including the historic Vallam Ekawari Amman Temple near Thanjavur. This temple, with its deity Pidari Amman (also known as Kaalapidarari), was closely associated with the royal family’s spiritual beliefs. It continues to stand today as a living testimony to the dynasty’s commitment to preserving Shaivite traditions and village-based temple worship.
• The architectural elegance and religious depth of such temples reflected the spiritual ethos of his reign, and his titles Thanjaikon and Vallakkon possibly indicate his personal and dynastic connections to these sacred sites.
• His contributions are acknowledged in revered Tamil literary works like Naladiyar and Muthollayiram, which celebrate the martial traditions and moral wisdom of the Mutharaiyar kings. Inscriptions from sites like Killukottai and Senthalai provide further evidence of the administrative sophistication and cultural patronage during his time.
• Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II’s reign represents a golden chapter in Tamil history — one where political stability, military excellence, cultural flowering, and religious continuity coexisted. His governance model inspired later rulers and his legacy remains etched into the history of South India.
• Text : Referenced from the content provided by the proponent.

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Issued by India

Issued on Jul 24, 2025

Issued for : The Department of Posts is proud to release a commemorative postage stamp in honour of Queen Chennabhairadevi, the fearless queen who stood her ground against foreign invasions and led with wisdom, strength, and compassion. This stamp is a tribute to her unmatched legacy and a reminder of women’s powerful role in shaping our history.

Credits :
Stamp/FDC/Brochure/Cancellation Cachet : Sh. Anuj Kumar

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 303650

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

Name : Chennabhairadevi

Born on 16^th century at Bhatkal, Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India

Died on 17^th century at Keladi, Sagara taluk, Karnataka, India

About : 

• In the history of the entire Indian subcontinent, Queen Chennabhairadevi, titled Raina–Da Pimenta (Queen of Pepper), ruled for the longest period. A courageous woman from the Kannada land, she ruled for an exceptionally long time and faced historical adversities, making her the great queen of Gerusoppa, Karnataka.
• From 1552 to 1606, Queen Chennabhairadevi ruled the coastal and Malnad regions, stretching from Trasi in Karnataka to the Goa border and from the Western Sea to the highlands of Avinahalli. She was the ruler of the twin states of Haduvalli and Gerusoppa. Initially, she took over the administration of Haduvalli under the Vijayanagara emperors as Mahamandaleshwari. Later, the Vijayanagara emperors entrusted her with the administration of Gerusoppa, which was previously ruled by her maternal uncle. At that time, she was only eighteen years old. She received her early education at the Ghatikasthana of Haduvalli and trained in warfare in the coastal region and in naval combat in Kerala.
• Despite her kingdom being surrounded by enemies on multiple fronts, she neither feared nor hesitated. While the rulers of Keladi, Bilagi, and the Portuguese of Goa were hostile to her, the Honneya Kambali rulers, the Bhairarasas of Karkala, and the Zamorins of Kerala maintained friendly relations with her. She even made a treaty with the Sultan of Bijapur and maintained a harmonious relationship with the Vijayanagara emperors. She never initiated aggression, but never bowed to invaders. In 1558 and again in 1569–70, she defeated the Portuguese forces that invaded Honnavar. She kept the Keladi rulers in check and, by the end of 1558, even defeated them in a direct battle. Under her rule, her kingdom was prosperous, secure, and inclusive. People of various religions, castes, and professions lived together in harmony.
• She was skilled in commerce. Initially, black pepper was just a wild forest product, but she introduced it as a cultivated crop to the farmers of the Malnad and coastal regions. She established a system to export it in large quantities abroad. Despite politically opposing the Portuguese, she cleverly engaged in commercial ties with them, exporting rice, pepper, cardamom, cinnamon, jaggery, betel nuts, sandalwood, ginger, cloves, and ivory. Because of this, Dr Hannah Chapelle Wojciechowski opined that the Portuguese honoured her with the title Raina-Da Pimenta (The Pepper Queen).
• In the 1560s, when the Portuguese established the Inquisition Court in Goa and intensified forced conversions, they committed atrocities against non-Christian communities like the Saraswats, Kharvis, and fishermen, rendering them destitute and exiling them. Queen Chennabhairadevi provided shelter to such oppressed groups, utilised their professional skills to enhance her kingdom’s economy, and ensured they had a livelihood.
• After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1564, when it attempted a revival in Penukonda, Queen Chennabhairadevi provided resources for its resurgence. The Portuguese were secretly intimidated by her. Hence, historical records reveal a letter from the Portuguese king to the governor of Goa instructing him to deal with her with “humility, prudence, and diplomatic wisdom.”
• More than five centuries ago, she established a wealthy and stable kingdom through foreign trade and diplomatic expertise and ruled it for over half a century.
• Text : Based on information provided by the proponent.

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Issued by India

Issued on May 31, 2025

Issued for : The Department of Posts is proud to release a Commemorative Postage Stamp on the 300^th Birth Anniversary of Ahilya Bai Holkar.

Credits :
Stamp/FDC/Brochure/Cancellation Cachet : Sh Anuj Kumar

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 202800

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

Name : Ahilyabai Holkar

Born on 31 May, 1725 at Chondi, Maratha Empire [now in Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India]

Died on 13 Aug, 1795 at Rajwada, Indore, Indore State, Maratha Empire [now in Madhya Pradesh, India]

About : 

• Born in 1725 in Chondi, Maharashtra, Ahilya Bai Holkar is one of the most revered figures in Indian history, known for her leadership and contributions to the cultural and economic development of her kingdom. As queen of Malwa from 1767 to 1795, her reign marked a golden era of prosperity, justice, and artistic growth.
• Ahilya Bai was born into a humble family of the Deshmukh clan. Her father, Mankoji Shinde, served as a village headman, enabling her to receive a good education and develop an early interest in governance. At the age of 19, she married Khanderao Holkar, son of Malhar Rao Holkar, founder of the Holkar dynasty.
• Widowed in 1754 with a young daughter after her husband’s death in battle, Ahilya Bai showed remarkable strength. Her composure impressed her father-in-law, Malhar Rao Holkar, who recognised her leadership potential and began mentoring her in administration and public affairs.
• Following Malhar Rao’s death in 1766, Ahilya Bai became the de facto ruler of Malwa. Formally ascending the throne in 1767, she faced political instability and threats from rival states and the British East India Company. Though her rise was unprecedented for a woman in a male-dominated society, she quickly proved her capabilities.
• Ahilya Bai ensured fair governance and prioritised the welfare of her subjects. Her just rule earned her widespread admiration and solidified her place as a beloved monarch. She handled affairs of state with wisdom, maintained peace, and promoted inclusive justice.
• Under her leadership, Malwa prospered both economically and culturally. She invested in infrastructure, commissioning roads, forts, and temples that boosted trade and connectivity. Her architectural contributions include the Maheshwar Fort and temples built along the banks of the Narmada River, many of which still stand today.
• Ahilya Bai was a great patron of the arts. She encouraged music, dance, and literature, fostering cultural growth. Her court became a hub for scholars and artists, sparking a cultural renaissance. Known for her love of poetry, she often took part in literary gatherings and supported creative expression.
• Her commitment to social welfare was evident in the institutions she established, including hospitals and schools that promoted healthcare and education. She believed in the transformative power of education, especially for women, and her efforts laid a foundation for future progress in this area.
• A deeply spiritual leader who followed Hindu principles, Ahilya Bai also practised religious tolerance. She welcomed scholars and religious leaders from various faiths to her court, promoting dialogue and unity among her diverse subjects. Her policies strengthened social harmony and reflected her inclusive vision.
• Among her most notable contributions was the construction of temples and ghats along the Narmada River. She believed that spiritual access should be open to all, regardless of caste or creed. Her initiatives to provide clean drinking water and support agriculture further demonstrated her care for everyday needs.
• Despite challenges, including the growing influence of the British East India Company, Ahilya Bai navigated political tensions with diplomacy and strategic alliances. Her ability to protect her kingdom while preserving its independence was a testament to her political acumen.
• Ahilya Bai Holkar passed away on 13 August 1795. Her death marked the end of a remarkable chapter in Indian history, but her legacy lived on. She is remembered as a visionary ruler who embodied courage, wisdom, and compassion. Her reign not only transformed Malwa but also challenged the limitations placed on women in leadership.
• In modern India, Ahilya Bai is celebrated as a symbol of empowerment. Her story continues to inspire generations of women striving for recognition and equality.
• Ahilya Bai Holkar’s reign stands as a powerful example of visionary leadership, cultural renaissance, and social commitment. She broke barriers and redefined the role of women in Indian public life. Her contributions remain deeply etched in the nation’s memory, and her name continues to evoke respect and admiration.
• Text : Referenced from content provided by Ministry of Culture.

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Issued by India

Issued on Oct 23, 2024

Issued for : Department of Posts is pleased to issue Commemorative Postage Stamp on 200 years of Kittur Vijayotsava and salutes the legacy of Queen Channamma and her steadfast commitment to freedom.

Credits :
Stamp/FDC/Brochure/Cancellation Cachet : Sh. Brahm Prakash

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 303850

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• Kittur, formerly known as ‘Geejaganahalli’ became renowned as the seat of power for the Kittur kings between 1585 and 1824 A.D. The principality was founded by brothers Hiremalla Shetty and Chikkamalla Shetty, who were gifted the Kittur area by Adilshahi, the king of Bijapur, in recognition of their valor and service.
• Initially, the capital was located in Sampagaon, and Kittur was governed by 12 notable kings, with Allappagouda Desai, Mudimallappagouda Desai, and Mallasarja Desai being the most prominent. Under Allappagouda’s rule, Kittur’s fort and palace were constructed, establishing it as a significant center.
• King Mallasarja (1782-1816 A.D.) brought great fame to Kittur. However, his achievements drew the envy of Baji Rao II, the Peshwa of Pune, who conspired to detain him, leading to Mallasarja’s untimely death in 1816. Queen Channamma, his second wife, took on the reins of administration after the death of Shivalinga Rudrasarja, the last king.
• The Struggle Against British Rule
  • The British began to interfere in Kittur’s administration after Shivalinga’s death in 1824. Collector Thackeray’s rude conduct and seizure of the treasury sparked Queen Channamma’s defiance. On October 23, 1824, in a historic battle, her forces defeated the British, resulting in Thackeray’s death at the hands of Amatur Balappa, a brave bodyguard.
  • However, following negotiations that failed, the British launched a massive attack on Kittur on December 3, 1824. After three days of fierce fighting, the Kittur army was betrayed and ultimately defeated. Queen Channamma was captured and imprisoned at Bailahongal Fort, where she passed away on February 2, 1829. Her indomitable spirit and resistance made her a pioneering figure in India’s struggle for independence, earning her the title “Pole Star of Indian Independence.”
• Legacy of Resistance
  • Even after her defeat, Queen Channamma’s legacy inspired further uprisings. Loyalists like Sangolli Rayanna led significant rebellions against British rule. Despite facing severe reprisals, including executions, their efforts showcased the undying patriotism and courage that characterized Kittur’s fight for freedom.
• Kittur Palace and Monuments
  • The Kittur Fort and Palace, built between 1660 and 1691 A.D. during Allappagouda Desai’s reign, are architectural marvels, although the British later demolished much of the palace. Today, the ruins provide a glimpse into its grandeur, featuring guest rooms, a Darbar hall, and unique water supply systems, including copper pipes and stone tanks.
• Text : Referenced from content provided by Proponent.

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Issued by India

Issued on Dec 15, 2023

Issued for : Department of Posts is pleased to issue Commemorative Postage Stamp on Rani Abbakka Devi and salutes her valour and bravery, an everlasting inspiration for every Indian.

Credits :
Stamp/FDC/Brochure/Cancellation Cachet : Smt. Vinita Sinha

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 303200

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• Due to the entry of the Portuguese in the 16^th century, Tulunadu became a hotbed of unrest. When more than fourteen sub dynasties like the Bangas, Ajilas, Chautas, Sawantas, were engaged in conflict amongst themselves. It then inevitable that they had to fight against the Europeans as well. The political centres of the Banga dynasty were Belthangady, Uppinangady, Nanadvara and Mangalore, and the Chautas were Ullala, Puttige and Mudabidre region. These dynasties belonged to the Jain community. The Chautas of Ullal rose to power during the 12^th century.
• The names of elder Rani Abbakka Devi (1554-1588) and younger Rani Abbakka Devi (1594-1640) shine like the brightest stars in Indian history. The elder Rani Abbakka Devi was married to Kamaraya II, and her daughter, the younger Rani Abbakka Devi was married to Lakshmappa Bangarasa, the IV. Both Kamaraya and Lakshmappa belonged to the Banga dynasty. The mother-daughter duo held great expertise in warfare and other state crafts and were popular amongst their subjects. When the Banga dynasty succumbed to the Portuguese rule and was prepared to pay tribute, the elder Rani Abbakka Devi opposed it. Elder Rani Abbakka Devi resisted the Portuguese until her last breath, while the younger Rani Abbakka Devi continued her mother’s revenge and fulfilled her mother’s dreams.
• The difference of opinion between the Lakshamappa Bangarasa and Younger Abbakka on payment of tribute to the Portuguese increased to such an extent that she left the Palace of her husband in Mangalore with her three children and assumed the throne at Ullal, inherited from her mother. She was ready to face Portuguese in war than to offer them tribute.
• The war continued for a long time. In 1617, when the Portuguese looted a merchant ship of Abbakka, enroute to Saudi Arabia, she was gravely enraged. This incident led to the great war against the Portuguese in 1618. Abbakka got the help of Venkatappa Nayaka of Keladi, who also saw the Portuguese and the Bangas as his enemy. The Portuguese Navy, which had an excellent reputation internationally, was destroyed by Rani Abbakka with her meagre military force in her war against the Portuguese in 1618. In this war, Portuguese military leaders Miranda and D’Mello narrowly escaped.
• This news spread like wildfire in Europe. More or less, after this incident, the coastal belt was freed from Portuguese interference.
• As suggested by Shah Abbas, the king of Persia, Italian traveller Pietro Dalla Valle came to Ullal in 1623 to meet Rani Abbakka. He gets inspired by his meeting with the queen in Manel. His description of this exceptional meet can be found in his travelogue. Had Rani Abbakka not defeated the Portuguese with her skilled war tactics, the possibility of the Portuguese ruling India instead of the Britishers had a high chance.
• Rani Abbakka was as well known for her war tactics and state crafts as her love towards her subjects, governance and justice. Such an extraordinarily brave woman who belongs to the Tuluva soil is a matter of great pride to the entire nation. Despite being the queen of a small province like Ullala, she dared to erupt against the European forces and defeat the Portuguese. Hence, it is only apt to say that Braveheart is the first Indian freedom fighter to fight against the European powers.
• The Portuguese had made several attempts to capture Ullal, strategically placed. But Abbakka had repulsed each of their attack with sheer courage and ingenuity. The queen’s story is retold from generation to generation through folk songs and yakshagana, the popular folk theatre, In bootaradhana, (which literally means appeasing the possessed, a local ritual dance) the personal in trance narrates the great deeds of Abbakka Devi. Abbakka, dark and good looking, always dressed in simple clothes like a common village woman. She rode the horse stately and worked deep into the night dispensing justice.
• Rani Abbakka, though a Queen of a little known small princely state, Ullal, was magnetic woman of indomitable courage and patriotism. While Rani Jhansi has become a symbol of courage, Abbakka, nearly 300 years her predecessor, has been largely forgotten by history. Available records and archives speaks of her as a luminous personality of awesome valour and bravery.
• Text : Based on information received from proponent.

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Issued by India

Issued on Oct 7, 2023

Issued for : Department of Posts is delighted to issue Commemorative Postage Stamp on Hemchandra Vikramaditya, an epitome of valour and courage.

Credits :
Stamp/FDC/Brochure : Ms Neetu Arora
Cancellation Cachet : Ms Neetu Arora

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 302800

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

Name : Hem Chandra

Born on 1501 at Machheri, Alwar, Rajasthan, India

Died on 5 Nov, 1556 at Panipat, Haryana, India

About : 

• Samrat Hemchandra Vikramaditya or Hemu was the last Hindu emperor of India. Being a member of an ordinary family, he did extraordinary and brilliant deeds in the history of India. Through his ideas and visions, he made tremendous efforts to make his country, Bharat a powerful nation.
• He was a capable administrator, a military genius, an able politician and a far-sighted statesman. In true sense, he was the follower of the great Hindu ruler Prithvi Raj Chauhan who fought bravely in the battlefield and sacrificed his life for the country. Hemu, was one of the greatest freedom fighters in the annals of Indian history, who struggled hard against the foreign rulers.
• Hemu was born in 1501, in a village Machheri, three miles away from Rajgarh in the region of Alwar (Rajasthan) in Dhusar Brahmin (Bhargava) family. His father Puran Das was a Purohit and a religious person. Saint Puran Das took Sanyas and migrated to Vrindavan to live with famous saint Harivansh of the Vallabha Sampradai Sect.
• The family shifted to Qutabpur, a village of Dhusar Brahmins, in Rewari (Haryana) for better prospects. Hemu was brought-up and educated there. He studied Hindi, Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic. During his childhood he was fond of wrestling and horse-riding.
• Based at Rewari, which was on main route of traders from Iran, Iraq to Delhi, Hemu started supplying cereals to Sher Shah’s army. Later on, he took up supply of saltpeter (gunpowder) to his army.
• After Shershah Suri’s death on May 22, 1545 A.D., Jalal Khan, the younger son of the former, assumed the title of Islam Shah and became the ruler. Islam Shah recognized the capability and the administrative skills of Hemu and therefore made him his personal advisor. In 1550 AD, Hemu accompanied Islam Shah to Punjab when he was deputed along with other high officers to receive Mirza Kamran, the second son of Babar in the fort of Rohtas. Hemu was soon promoted as the Chief of intelligence or Daroga-ai-dak chauki i.e. Superintendent of Posts. In 1552 and 1553, Hemu held positions as Governor of Punjab and Delhi state also.
• In November 1554 Islam Shah died and his 12 years old son Firoz Khan became the ruler, who was killed within three days by Adil Shah Suri. His original name was Mubrez Khan or Mubarak Khan. The new king Adil Shah was an indolent, pleasure-seeker, drunkard and debauch. He faced revolts on all sides. Adil Shah looked to Hemu as Chief Advisor and practically entrusted all his works to him. Hemu now became the Prime Minister and Chief of the Afghan Army.
• Most of the Afghan governors revolted against Adil Shah and refused to pay the taxes. Hemu went to various states in North India to crush these revolts. Hemu fought 22 battles and won all of them. Battles took place between Hemu and Ibrahim who was a claimant for the sultanate and the former was always victorious. Sultan Mohammad, who had assumed the kingly title in Bengal, was also defeated.
• When Humayun returned to India to recover his lost throne, Adil Shah sent Hemu northwards to oppose him, retiring himself to Chunar. When Humayun met with fatal accident on January 26, 1556 AD, Hemu remained in the field to prevent Akbar from taking effective possession of his father’s kingdom. Hemu consolidated his army and went from Gwalior to Agra. He defeated Iskandar Khan Uzbeg, Governor of Agra. He occupied Agra with its huge treasure and equipments, and proceeded towards Delhi. Tardi Beg Khan, the Mughal Governor of Delhi, frightened and immediately sent a dispatch to Akbar and Bairam Khan and demanded adequate reinforcements for the defence of the capital. Bairam Khan sent his ablest Commander Pir Mohammad Sherwani with a big army. In Delhi, the battle was fought at Tuglakabad. Hemu defeated the Mughals. Hemu won Delhi after a day’s battle on October 6, 1556 AD. Nearly 3000 soldiers died in the battle. Tardi Beg fled away. Hemu entered Delhi victoriously under a royal canopy.
• He occupied Delhi and declared his independent status. He had his coronation or Rajyabhishek at Purana Qila in the presence of all the Afghans and Rajput commanders with all religious ceremonies. He issued coins in his name and assumed the historic name ‘Vikramaditya’ or Raja Bikramjit. He reorganized the army and made certain appointments, without removing any Afghan. He also made significant reforms in the mercantile system. He dismissed all the corrupt officers and also paid attention towards protection of cow and totally prohibited cow’s slaughter.
• Though Hemchandra Vikramaditya ruled for only 29 days, yet it was a historical event in the history of India. He re-established the Hindu Kingdom after centuries of foreign rule. World famous Historian R.C. Majumdar called it, “a unique episode in the history of India during the Muslim rule.”
• On the news of the fall of Delhi from Akbar’s control, the Mughal army at Kalanaur lost heart and many commanders refused to fight Hemu. They advised Akbar to retreat to Kabul, where he would be safer. However, Bairam Khan refused and insisted him to fight with Hemu.
• The battle between Hemu and Mughals was finally fought at Panipat on November 5, 1556 AD. Hemu was captured in an unconscious, almost dead state. Bairam Khan desired Akbar to earn the title of Ghazi by flashing his sword on the captive. The forces of Akbar conquered the Sarkar of Alwar which was the home of Hemu.
• The vengeance of the Mughals continued. The clan of Dhusar Bhargavas were hounded, brutally beheaded and pyramid of their skulls were built throughout the region. Such painting of Akbar’s time is on display in National Archives, New Delhi whose replica can be seen in the War Museum at Panipat. So was the end of one of the glorious periods of the Indian History.
• No praise can be too great for Hemu’s bold endeavour to re-establish indigenous rule at Delhi after more than 350 years of foreign domination.
• Text : Referenced from content provided by Proponent.

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Issued by India

Issued on Oct 5, 2023

Issued for : Department of Posts is pleased to issue Commemorative Postage Stamp on 500^th Birth Anniversary of Rani Durgavati and pay homage to this icon of national pride and sacrifice who continues to inspire the youth and millennials during Amritkaal.

Credits :
Stamp/FDC/Brochure/Cancellation Cachet : Sh. Sankha Samanta

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 201600

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

Name : Durgavati

Born on 5 Oct, 1524 at Kalinjar Fort, Banda district, Uttar Pradesh, India

Died on 24 Jun, 1564 at Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

About : 

• Rani Durgavati, the descendant of the famous Chandela dynasty of Mahoba, and the queen of the Gond kingdom of Garha–Katanga, took on the might of the Mughal Empire with great courage and leadership.
• Gond tribe is a prominent tribe in central India known for their rich cultural heritage and resilience. Rani Durgavati, like many other women of her times, chose to embrace death rather than falling into the hands of the enemy. It is said that since she was born on the festival of Durgashtami, her parents named her Durgavati, after the fierce Hindu goddess Durga. She proved to be a human embodiment of the deity. She is remembered today for her sacrifices and as a defender of her culture and a symbol of pride and honour.
• Durgavati was born on 5 October 1524 in Kalinjar, one of the most important forts of medieval India, which lies in the Banda district of the state of Uttar Pradesh. It was held by her father Raja Salbahan of Ratha and Mahoba, a scion of the famous Chandelas who had built the Khajuraho temples and had rebuffed the attacks of Mahmud Ghazni in the past. At the age of 18, she was married to Dalpat Shah, son of the Gond King Sangram Shah of Garha–Katanga, strengthening an alliance between the two royal families.
• The small kingdom of Garha–Katanga emerged in central India in the aftermath of Timur’s invasion (1398), when the feeble Sultanate rule over this region was thrown off by King Yadavrai. The name of the kingdom was derived from the principal town called ‘Garha’ and a village called ‘Katanga’ located 4 miles west of the city of Jabalpur.
• Dalpat Shah died in the year 1548, leaving behind a minor son, Bir Narayan, as the heir. Rani Durgavati installed Bir Narayan on the throne and she took on the reins of the government. She was assisted by two able ministers, Adhar Kayastha and Man Brahman. Rani Durgavati administered the kingdom and took it to such high levels of prosperity that people paid taxes in gold coins and elephants. She constructed reservoirs such as the Ranital, Cherital and Adhartal, for the benefit of her people. She was a patron of learning, and allowed Acharya Bitthalnath to establish a seat of the Pushtimarg cult at Garha.
• Rani Durgavati consolidated the boundaries of her kingdom. She personally led her army to quell rebellions. Her kingdom stretched 300 miles from east to west and 160 miles from north to south. According to a contemporary Persian source, the Tarikh–i–Firishta, Durgavati repulsed Baz Bahadur, the ruler of Malwa, who had attacked her kingdom between 1555 and 1560.
• The Mughal Governor of Kara–Manikpur, Asaf Khan, launched a completely unprovoked attack on Rani’s kingdom in 1564. Equipped with a large imperial army, Asaf Khan marched into Garh–Katanga and arrived at Damoh. Durgavati with her small force was able to defeat the Mughals and push back them at least three times. However, the Mughals regrouped with a strong contingent comprising 10,000 cavalry, infantry and artillery and overwhelmed her forces.
• The Rani continued fighting until two arrows struck her, one in her right temple and the other in her neck. She pulled them out but fell unconscious. On regaining consciousness, she realised that she had lost the day. She asked her mahavat, Adhar Baghela, to kill her with his dagger. Baghela refused but offered to take her to a safe place. The Rani realised that they would not be able to go too far and would soon fall into the hands of the enemy. She now took out her dagger and stabbed herself in her heart. Thus, on the 24 June, 1564, died the brave Rani Durgavati who chose death against dishonor. Her men cremated her in a narrow mountain pass some 12 miles from Jabalpur.
• The Mughal encounter with the Rani was documented by Abul Fazl, Akbar’s chronicler and other Persian writers. Abul Fazl wrote of Durgavati that she was a combination of beauty, grace and manlike courage and bravery. The story of Durgavati was also chronicled many years later by the British Colonel, Sleeman, who spoke about the Rani as being the most revered of all sovereigns who ruled over Garh–Katanga.
• A memorial of Rani Durgavati has been built in Jabalpur at the same place where the Rani had attained martyrdom. A ceremony is held here on 24 June each year, which is celebrated as ‘Balidan Divas’ or Martyr’s Day, in honour of the Rani. In 1983 the name of Jabalpur University was changed to Rani Durgavati University and a museum has been named after her.
• In 1988 a postage stamp was issued in her honour. In 2018, the Indian Coast Guard commissioned the 3^rd Inshore Patrol Vessel (IPV) called ‘ICGS Rani Durgavati’ at its district headquarters in Vishakapatnam. However, the most enduring memorial of the Rani is the collective memory of the people, where she has found a place of great regard. Her story has become a legend which forms the theme of songs and tales, through which she stays alive in the hearts of the people every day.
• Text : Based on information received from Ministry of Culture.

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Issued by India

Issued on Feb 20, 2023

Issued for : Department of Posts is pleased to issue a Commemorative Postage Stamp on Rao Birender Singh.

Credits :
Stamp/FDC/Brochure : Ms. Vinita Sinha
Cancellation Cachet : Mrs. Nenu Gupta

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 301805 each

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

Name : Birender Singh

Born on Feb 20, 1921 at Rewari, Punjab, British India [now in Haryana, India]

Died on Sep 30, 2009 at Gurgaon, Haryana, India

About : 

• Former Chief Minister of Haryana and Cabinet Minister in Government of India, Late Rao Birender Singh, a descendant of Shaheed-e-Azam Rao Tula Ram, a frontline hero of the 1857 movement for Independence, belonged to the Royal Family of Rewari. He was born on 20^th February 1921 in Rewari (Haryana). Educated at the prestigious St. Stephen’s College, Delhi University he served as a Captain in the Indian Army. Though selected to the Indian Police Service in 1950, he preferred the army to serve the Nation.
• Rao Birender Singh started his political career in 1954 by being elected as an independent to the Punjab Legislative Assembly. Keeping in view his immense popularity amongst the masses, Punjab Chief Minister Shri Pratap Singh Kairon gave him a place in the Cabinet and he served the public, handling important Ministries like Public Works, Transport, Revenue and Irrigation. In 1961, he resigned from the Kairon Cabinet due to apathy towards the Hindi-speaking areas of Punjab and raised the demand for a separate State of Haryana. His struggle paved the way for the creation of a separate Haryana State in 1966. In 1967, Rao Birender Singh was elected as the first Speaker of the newly formed Haryana Legislative Assembly. In 1967, he was elected as an MLA from Pataudi Assembly. On 23^rd March, 1967, Rao Birender Singh became Chief Minister of Haryana and took decisions for the welfare of people of Haryana. In 1971, Rao Birender Singh was elected from the Mahendragarh Lok Sabha Constituency on a Vishal Haryana Party ticket. In 1977, Mrs. Indira Gandhi herself lost the election. Subsequently, Mrs. Gandhi came to Rewari and appealed to Rao Birender Singh in a public meeting to cooperate in difficult times. Which he did! Keeping in view his cooperation, given in the 1980 Lok Sabha elections, Rao Birender Singh was inducted as the Union Minister for Agriculture, Rural Development, Irrigation and Civil Supplies.
• On 31^st December 1981, as the Union Irrigation Minister, he paved the way for the historic Raavi – Beas Water Agreement signed by the Chief Ministers of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan and the then Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi. While being the Union Agriculture Minister, he did many welfare works for the farmers and due to his policies, the farmers got the maximum price for their produce. Due to his farmer-friendly policy, the farmers coined a slogan about him: Rao-Aaya, Bhav-Aaya. During his tenure as Agriculture Minister, the production of food grains in the country increased from 107 to 185 metric tonnes annually. While being the Union Civil Supplies Minister, Rao Birender Singh approved the Consumer Protection Act. After this, consumer courts were formed across the country and the door of justice opened up for the consumer.
• After general Election of 1984, Rao Birender Singh joined as Union Agriculture and Food Minister under the leadership of the then Prime Minister Shri Rajiv Gandhi. Rao Birender Singh resigned on 25^th September 1985 from the Cabinet as he was against Rajiv Longowal Agreement, on the Table of the House itself. In the history of independent India it was the first time when any cabinet minister has given his resignation letter in public interest in the House itself. He later resigned from Parliament and the Congress Party.
• In 1989 he won the Lok Sabha election on the Janta Dal ticket and he served the country as the Union Food and Public Distribution Minister in the Chandra Shekhar Cabinet.
• Rao Birender Singh always strived to raise the voice of Farmers, underprivileged, minorities and backward classes of the country and as the chief of All India Yadav Maha Sabha he raised the demand for their representation in Vidhan Sabha and Provincial Parishads across the country.
• Rao Birender Singh died at the age of 88 years on 30^th September 2009.
• Text : Based on information provided by the proponent.

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Issued by India

Issued on Sep 17, 2021

Issued for : Department of Posts is pleased to issue a Commemorative Postage Stamp on Rao Jaimal Rathore.

Credits :
Stamps/FDC/Brochure : Shri Sankha Samanta
Cancellation Cachet : Smt. Nenu Gupta

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 201600

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

Name : Jaimal Rathore

Born on Sep 17, 1507 at Merta, Rajasthan, India

Died on Feb 22, 1568 at Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India

About : 

• Rao Jaimal was born on September 17^th, 1507 as the eldest son of Rao Veeramdeo, the ruler of Merta. In 1544, after the death of his father, Jaimal ascended to the throne of Merta. He is remembered widely as one of the greatest warriors, generals, military strategists and statesmen to be born in the gifted land of Bharatvarsha. Hailing from the illustrious clan of Rathore rulers in Marwar or Jodhpur, he ruled over the rich realms of Merta and Badnore.
• Rao Jaimal won immortal fame and glory as a soldier and leader due to his strong defence of the fort of Chittor during the Mughal invasion of 1568. When Akbar launched a full-scale invasion of Mewar in 1567, Maharana Udai Singh, the ruler of Mewar, eagerly sought the assistance of Jaimal in bolstering the counter-offensive. When the siege of Chittor assumed dangerous proportions, the Maharana and his family vacated the fort in order to wage a longer struggle. The Maharana, then, appointed Jaimal as the commander-in-chief of the war effort. Thus, in the long war that followed, Jaimal led the Mewari forces against a massive Mughal army, thus, displaying exemplary military skills.
• Despite facing heavy odds, Jaimal continued attacking the invaders with such ferocity that a stalemate situation soon arose. Facing deadly cannon-fire, exploding ramparts, attack of deadly arrows and a rising toll of casualties, he struck back with double force to destroy the enemy ranks. After holding on for more than a year, when the tide started turning against Mewar due to sheer mismatch of numbers and resources, Jaimal decided to fight to the finish. Along with his trusted men who had bled besides him, he opened the gates of the fort and charged into the enemy ranks. He was martyred at the gates of Chittor fort where a cenotaph celebrates his penultimate sacrifice even to this day.
• Jaimal’s lion-hearted courage and invincible fighting spirit, earned him free-flowing praise and admiration not only in the annals of his own land but also in those of his adversaries. Akbar, his generals and the Mughal historians were awe-struck by the bravery with which Rao Jaimal offered a stout and resolute resistance against the invading force. After the catastrophic war of Chittor, a stone statue of Jaimal seated on an elephant was installed at the main-gate of Agra fort as a mark of respect for the great fighter. Indeed, Jaimal was one of the most influential and leading politicians of his age who impacted the turn of events both at the provincial and imperial levels.
• Text : Based on information received from the proponent.

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Issued by India

Issued on Jul 30, 2019

Issued for : Department of Posts is pleased to release a set of two Commemorative Postage Stamps and a Miniature Sheet to commemorate the bilateral relations between India and Republic of Korea.

Credits :
Stamps/Miniature Sheet/FDC/Brochure : Shri Sankha Samanta
Cancellation Cachet : Smt. Alka Sharma

Type : Miniature Sheet, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 2500, 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 500000 each

Miniature Sheets Printed : 1.10 lakh

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

About : 

• Bilateral consular relations between India and Republic of Korea (RoK) were established in 1962. In 1973, relations were upgraded to Ambassador-level (also with Pyongyang). Consistent Indian support for peaceful reunification of the two Koreas has been well received in this country.
• However, historical and cultural contacts between the two peoples date back to ancient times. According to “Samguk Yusa” or “The Heritage History of the Three Kingdoms” written in the 13^th century, a Princess from Ayodhya (Suriratna) came to Korea, married King Kim–Suro, and became Queen Hur Hwang-ok in the year 48 AD. Queen Heo, then 16 years old, sailed across the ocean under the orders of the king of the “Ayuta” kingdom on a vessel that carried the Pasa Stone Pagoda, which was said to have calmed the high seas. She thus became the first woman to ever immigrate to Korea. After the royal wedding, the queen bore her king 10 sons and two daughters. Of the 10 sons, two took their mother’s surname and became the progenitors of the Gimhae Heo clan. The Pasa Stone Pagoda that the queen brought to Korea was kept at Hogyesa Temple until the late Joseon Dynasty, at which time it was moved to the Tomb of Queen Heo. The pagoda currently sits inside a dedicated pavilion at the tomb and is preserved in excellent condition. Korean Buddhist Monk Hyecho (혜초, 704-787 CE) or Hong Jiao visited India from 723 to 729 AD. His travelogue “Pilgrimage to the five kingdoms of India” gives a vivid account of Indian culture, politics & society, including food habits, languages and climate.
• The rationale for a close relationship between India and RoK has been reinforced in modern times by political and economic imperatives. The experience of colonial rule and the anti-colonial movements in both countries revived interest in each other. Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore composed a short but evocative poem – ‘Lamp of the East’ – in 1929 about Korea’s glorious past and its promising bright future. He wrote: “In the golden age of Asia Korea was one of its lamp bearers, And that lamp is waiting to be lit once again For the illumination of the East.”
• India played an important and positive role in Korean affairs after Korea’s independence in 1945. Mr K P S Menon of India was the Chairman of the 9-member UN Commission set up in 1947 to hold elections in Korea. The successful general elections held for the first time in the South in 1948, led to the establishment of the Republic of Korea on 15 August 1948.
• In recent years, India – Republic of Korea (RoK) relations have made great strides and have become truly multidimensional, spurred by a significant convergence of interests, mutual goodwill and high level exchanges. In 2015, the relationship between both the countries were upgraded to “Special Strategic Partnership”. The areas of cooperation between the two countries span areas as diverse as Trade, Commerce, Defence, Science & Technology, Culture, People-to-People exchanges etc.
• The relationship witnessed new momentum following the inauguration of President Moon Jae-in’s administration in May 2017. In the last one year, both countries had three VVIP visits. President Moon Jae-in and First Lady Kim Jung-sook visited India in 2018. Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited ROK in February 2019. The two countries are exploring areas of further collaboration under the synergistic frameworks of ROK’s ‘New Southern Policy’ and India’s Act East Policy.
• Text : Based on the information received from Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India.

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