Issued by India

Issued on Dec 29, 2016

Issued for : Department of Posts is pleased to release a Commemorative Postage Stamp on Deendayal Upadhyaya.

Credits :
Stamp / FDC / Brochure / Cancellation Cachet : Smt. Alka Sharma

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 1000 Paise

Stamps Printed : 308250

Printing Process : Wet Offset

Printer : Security Printing Press, Hyderabad

Name : Deendayal Upadhyaya

Born on Sep 25, 1916 at Dhankia, Rajasthan, India

Died on Feb 11, 1968 at Mughalsarai, Uttar Pradesh, India

About : 

• Deendayal Upadhyaya was born on September 25, 1916, in the village of Dhankia in Rajasthan. His childhood was spent in an ordinary household. His father Shri Bhagwati Prasad and mother Smt. Rampyari were religious minded who believed in the Sanatan faith. Deendayal, who was called Deena by the family, lost his father, Bhagwati Prasad, when he was less than three years old, and his mother before he was eight. He was brought up and educated at his maternal grandfather’s place under difficult conditions. Deendayal drew strength from the hardships and sufferings around him and rose above his circumstances through sheer gift and determination.
• He received primary education at Kota and Rajgarh. He matriculated from Sikar. He stood first in the board exam and Maharaja Kalyan Singh of Sikar, presented him with a gold medal, a monthly scholarship of Rs. 10 and Rs. 250 towards his books, as recognition of his merit.
• Deendayal went to Pilani to study for his Intermediate. He topped the board examination in 1937 with distinction in all subjects. He was the first student of Birla College to have fared so well. G.D. Birla presented him with a gold medal, a monthly scholarship of Rs. 10 and Rs. 250 towards books, as recognition of his merit. He graduated with first division from Sanatan Dharma College, Kanpur in 1939 and joined St. John’s College, Agra for pursuing his Master’s Degree in English Literature. He passed the Provincial Services Exam, but he did not join as he was not interested in administrative services. Deendayal, therefore, left for Prayag to do his B.T. His special areas of interest were sociology and philosophy.
• Deendayal was an extremely disciplined and devoted person. Though deprived of the love and affection of his parents, grandparents and of any material acquisitions, Deendayal, with his devotion to service, humility and modesty earned respect of those around him. He chose to help weaker students. He formed Zero Association in Pilani to help the students weak in studies.
• While studying for his graduation in Kanpur in 1937, Deendayal came into contact with Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) through his classmate Baluji Mahashabde. He met the RSS founder, Dr. Hedgewar there. This inspired him to devote his life for the people. He attended the 40 day summer vacation RSS camp at Nagpur where he underwent training in Sangh Education (OTC) in 1939 and 1942. After completing his education and second-year training in the RSS Education Wing, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya became a life-long pracharak of the Sangh. He entered politics through the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, became the General Secretary of the Bharatiya Jan Sangh, and later its President. His life was thus an embodiment of thorough political thought process.
• Deendayal Upadhyaya was the author of “Samrat Chandragupt” which appealed to youngsters as a historical novel with its own distinct literary flavor. “Jagadguru Shankracharya” was his second novel. His objective was to inspire the youth to look back to the country’s glorious past, take pride in it and dedicate their lives to the revival of that ancient glory. ‘Why undivided India’ was written at a time when Deendayal Upadhyaya himself was preparing to enter politics.
• Deendayal was a deep and original thinker. In the field of politics and economics, he was pragmatic and down to earth. He visualized for India a decentralized polity and self-reliant economy with the village as its base. He was open to the use of modern technology but wanted it to be adapted to suit Indian requirements.
• He placed the nation’s interests above everything else. The background of Integrated Humanism is the harmonization of Indian and Western thoughts. According to him man should be at the centre of our entire system. The system in which there is a mediocre development of a man’s body and mind, the soul is incomplete; it creates only a man motivated by cunningness and self-interest, not a complete human being, whereas emphasis should be on the development of the Complete Man, who can represent the various harmonized strands of thought and culture.
• Deendayal Upadhyaya started a monthly magazine “Rashtra Dharma”, a weekly ‘Panchajanya’, and a daily ‘Swadesh’. In 1951, when Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee founded the Bharatiya Jan Sangh, Deendayal became the first General Secretary of its U.P. branch. He was also chosen as All India General Secretary.
• After Dr. Mookerjee’s death in 1953, the entire burden of nurturing the organization and building it up as a nation-wide movement fell on the young shoulders of Deendayal. For 15 long years he remained the party’s General Secretary. He raised a band of dedicated workers imbued with idealism and provided the entire ideological frame work of the party. The final triumph of his statesmanship and vision was the historic session of the Party in 1967. Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya was active in India’s political life from 1937 to 1968. On February 11, 1968 Deendayal Upadhyaya was found dead in the early hours near the Mughalsarai station while traveling in a train.
• Politics was a means, not the end, for him. It was a journey not destination. He wished to spiritualize politics. He was inspired by India’s glorious past and wanted to build a brighter future for the country. He had a dream of making India into a prosperous modern nation. He lived and strived forwards these goals.
• Text : Based on the material received from proponent.

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Issued by India

Issued on Feb 8, 2008

Issued for : The Department of Posts is proud to release commemorative postage stamp on Dr. D.R. Gadgil.

Credits :
Stamp & FDC : Sankha Samanta
Cancellation : Alka Sharma

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Stamps Printed : 0.4 Million

Printing Process : Photogravure

Printer : India Security Press, Nasik

Name : Dhananjay Ramchandra Gadgil

Born on Apr 10, 1901 at Nasik, Maharashtra, India

Died on May 3, 1971

About : 

• Dr. D.R. Gadgil, one of India’s Great economists, belonged to that rare and exclusive class of learned men who have been able to successfully combine an illustrious academic career with an equally active role in the real world. He gave birth to a vision of a dynamic rural society based on the co-operative movement and its power to transform society.
  
• Born on 10^th April 1901, Dr. D.R. Gadgil spent his childhood in Nagpur and received his B.A. and M.A. degrees in History and Economics from Cambridge University. He followed this up with a thesis on the “Industrial Evolution of India” in 1923, which was published by Oxford University Press in 1924. In spite of his calibre, he refused to appear for the I.C.S. examination, rather preferring to pursue a career in academics. While searching for avenues to pursue his ambition he took on a job in the Finance Department of Government of Bombay. When the offer to become the Principal of M.T.B. College in Surat came in 1925, he immediately accepted it. In 1930 he took charge as the Founder-Director of the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, a position he held for the next 36 years. In 1966 he was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, and from 1967-71, he served as the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission.
  
• His intellectual interests were varied, and he wrote on, and worked in, the field of agricultural finance and rural cooperatives, regional planning and development issues, urban economics and economic history. His early research studies, based on economic surveys and investigations of surrounding areas and problems makes him one of the pioneers of a tradition of rigorous empirical economic research in India. His survey of rural reconstruction is a monumental document, spelling out guidelines for action. During the three decades of his stewardship, the Gokhale Institute became a leading centre for research and planning socio-economic development in general and rural development in particular.
  
• What he is really remembered for is his association with the co-operative movement in India. He was very much a man of action and felt that economic theories should be tested in real life situations. His association with the cooperative movement started in the 1930’s as a Director of Poona Central Cooperative Bank. He also went on to chair the Maharashtra State Cooperative Bank and the National Federation of Cooperative Banks. During his association with these organizations he put into practice his theories on providing credit to farmers. As Chairman of the then Bombay Provincial Cooperative Bank, Gadgil used the bank as a platform for initiating the crop loan scheme. This aimed at shifting emphasis from real property to the crop as security, and related the size of the loan to the requirements of the farmer. He was instrumental in establishing the first cooperative sugar factory in Maharashtra, which formed the starting point for the cooperative sugar industry in Maharashtra. He also served as the Chairman of the National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories and the National Cooperative Union.
  
• As the principal author of the Fourth Five Year Plan, he was not only instrumental in introducing decentralized planning at the district level, but also in devising measures for reducing regional imbalances. His approach was always realistic. Judging by the number of schemes, policies or plans that he authored, Dr. D.R. Gadgil would stand very high in the ranks of the builders of modern India.
  
• Text : Based on material provided by the proponent.

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Issued by India

Issued on Jan 16, 2004

Issued for : The Department of Posts honours this outstanding citizen through the release of a commemorative postage stamp.

Credits :
Stamp : Binoy Varghese
FDC : J.P. Irani
Cancellation : Alka Sharma

Type : First Day Cover

Colour : Four Colour

Denomination : 500 Paise

Overall size : 2.80 x 3.30 Cms.

Printing size : 2.80 x 3.30 Cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Paper : Matt Chromo

Stamps Printed : 0.4 Million

Number of Stamps per Sheet : 50

Printing Process : Photo Offset

Printer : Calcutta Security Printers

Name : Nanabhoy “Nani“ Ardeshir Palkhivala

Born on Jan 16, 1920 at Bombay, British India

Died on Dec 11, 2002 at Mumbai, India

About :

• Few jurists have wielded an influence so momentous on the Constitutional thought and history of India as Nani Ardeshir Palkhivala. Endowed with fecundity of thought, legal acumen, in-depth knowledge of the Constitutions of the world and amazing eloquence, he assiduously guarded the sanctity of the Constitution and emerged as the unquestioned champion of Fundamental Rights and people’s liberties. With his rapier-like arguments, he prevailed upon the Full Bench of thirteen judges of the Supreme Court that the Constitution of India which guaranteed fundamental freedoms to the people, was supreme and Parliament had no power to abridge those rights. This led to the historic pronouncement that though Parliament could amend the Constitution, it had no right to alter its basic structure in the case known as Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala in April 1973.
• Born on 16 January, 1920 at Mumbai, Palkhivala was a man of many parts. A lawyer by profession, he was a fellow and later Honorary Professor of the Government Law College, Mumbai for many years. He was a member of the First & Second Law Commissions of India in 1955 & 1958 respectively. He was elected Honorary Member of the Academy of Political Science, New York, for his “outstanding public service and distinguished contributions to the advancement of political science” in 1975. In September 1977, Palkhivala was appointed Ambassador of India to the United States of America. In recognition of his contributions to the defence of Constitutional liberties and human rights, he was conferred the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws in 1978 by the Princeton University, New Jersey, USA and Honorary Degree of Law by the Lawrence University, Wisconsin, USA.
• Palkhivala became a phenomenon in Indian public life with his Union Budget lectures – the largest ever public meetings on an economic subject. Beginning in 1958, his talks on the subject became an annual feature in Mumbai and other places till he last spoke on the subject in March 1994. As an author, his books on taxation, constitutional law and on India‘s heritage, have become bywords on the subjects. His noted works include ‘The Law and Practice of Income Tax‘, ‘Taxation in India‘ (published by the Harvard University in the World Tax Series), ‘The Highest Taxed Nation‘, ‘Our Constitution Defaced and Defiled‘, ‘India’s Priceless Heritage‘, and ‘We, the People‘.
• In his long and distinguished career with the Tata Group spanning four decades, Palkhivala was Chairman of Tata Consultancy Services, Tata International Ltd., Tata Infotech Ltd., the Associated Cement Companies Ltd., and was Director of Tata Sons Ltd., and several other companies. In addition to his dedicated involvement with corporate activities, he was the president of the Forum of Free Enterprise, Chairman of the Leslie Sawhny Programme of Training for Democracy, Chairman of the A.D. Shroff Memorial Trust, President of the Income-Tax Appellate Tribunal Bar Association, Mumbai, and a trustee of other charitable trusts.
• In 1997, Palkhivala was conferred the Dadabhai Naoroji Memorial Award for advancing the interests of India by his contribution towards public education, economic affairs and constitutional law. In January 1998, he was honoured by the Government of India with the second highest Civilian Award – Padma Vibhushan. The Mumbai University also conferred upon him Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.).
• Nani Palkhivala passed away on 11 December, 2002 and in his death, the country lost an illustrious jurist, an exemplary humanist and redoubtable champion of freedom.
• Text : Based on the material received from the sponsor.

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Issued by India

Issued on Jul 4, 1999

Issued for : The Department of Posts, India is proud to issue a special postage stamp in honour of the birth centenary of this national leader who acted as Prime Minister of India for two short periods.

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Multi Colour

Denomination : 300 Paise

Overall size : 3.91 x 2.90 cms.

Printing size : 3.55 x 2.54 cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Paper : Imported un w/m Adhesive Gravure Coated Stamp Paper in Sheets 50.8 x 53.5 cms.

Stamps Printed : 0.4 Million

Number per issue sheet : 35

Printing Process : Photogravure

Printer : India Security Press, Nashik

Name : Gulzarilal Nanda

Born on Jul 4, 1898 at Sialkot, Punjab, British India [now in Punjab, Pakistan]

Died on Jan 15, 1998 at Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

About : 

• Gulzarilal Nanda (1898-1998) acted twice as the Prime Minister of India, after the death of Jawaharlal Nehru and again after that of Lal Bahadur Shastry.
  
• Born on 4^th July 1898 at Sialkot (West Pakistan), he joined the Non-cooperation Movement in 1921. Deeply influenced by Gandhiji he went to Ahmedabad to work among textile labour and was involved in trade union activities in Ahmedabad for two decades starting from 1922. He was jailed during the Satyagraha Movement in 1932. While in jail, with his habits of systematic study, he started reading and thinking about planning which was the beginning of his long association with planning which culminated in his stint as Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission in Independent India many years later. Gulzarilal Nanda was elected Member, Legislative Assembly, Bombay in 1937 and subsequently in 1947. He served the Bombay Government as the Minister of Labour and Housing from 1947-1950. He was also the prime mover in organising the Indian National Trade Union Congress in Mumbai in 1947.

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Issued by India

Issued on May 3, 1998

Issued for : The Department of Posts is privileged to issue this special commemorative stamp on the occasion of his death anniversary.

Credits :
Stamp & FDC : Based on Photograph supplied by President’s Secretariat.
Cancellation : Smt. Alka Sharma

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Single Colour

Denomination : 200 Paise

Overall size : 3.91 x 2.90 cms.

Printing size : 3.55 x 2.54 cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Paper : Imported un w/m Adhesive Gravure Coated Stamp Paper in reels 47 cms. width

Stamps Printed : 0.4 Million

Number per issue sheet : 35

Printing Process : Photogravure

Printer : India Security Press, Nashik

Name : Zakir Husain

Born on Feb 8, 1897 at Hyderabad, Hyderabad State, British India [now in Telangana, India]

Died on May 3, 1969 at New Delhi, India

About : 

• Born at Hyderabad on 8^th February 1897, Dr. Zakir Husain, came of a Pathan family, settled at Qaimganj in the district of Farukhabad, Uttar Pradesh. He was an M.A. Student at M.A.O. College at Aligarh when Gandhiji visited the institution as a part of the Non-Cooperation Movement campaign. Zakir Husain then 23 was one of the students who responded to Gandhiji‘s call to develop centres of national education. In his own words, “I began my public career at the feet of Gandhiji and he has been my guide and inspirer“. He went on to found an institution which came to be known as Jamia Millia Islamia. In 1926 at the age of 29, Zakir Husain was made Jamia’s Vice-Chancellor and during the next 22 years he built up this institution into a distinguished centre of learning with a successful experiment of work centred rather than book centred education.
• In 1937, when India attained a measure of provincial autonomy and Gandhiji urged the new popular governments to adopt his scheme of work-centred ‘basic education’, he invited Zakir Husain to preside over the National Committee on Basic Education which was to spell out the new scheme in concrete educational terms. The balanced interpretation of basic education offered by Zakir Husain helped to mitigate the one track literalism of some of its advocates, as well as to soften the opposition of the traditionalists in educational methods.
• After partition, he was requested by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to take up Vice-Chancellorship of Aligarh Muslim University, the position he continued to hold for eight years till 1956 serving on the University’s Education Commission and subsequently the Press Commission. He was drafted into political life in 1952 at the age of 55 when he was nominated for Rajya Sabha in the quota reserved for those who have distinguished themselves in art, science and social service.
• Election to the office of the Vice-President of India came in 1962. He was chosen from among many distinguished public men as the most suitable successor to Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, who had served as Vice-President and was elected President that year.
  
• On 9^th May 1967, he was elected as the Head of the State and was formally sworn in as the third President of the Indian Republic four days later. He held the highest office of the country with exemplary grace and dignity till his sudden death on 3^rd May 1969.
  
• Dr. Zakir Husain was awarded Padma Vibhushan in 1954. In 1963 he was awarded the highest honours of the land, the ‘Bharat Ratna‘ for his great service to the nation.
  
• Throughout life he displayed a keen interest in literary and academic work. As early as 1920 he translated Plato‘s ‘Republic‘ and Cannon‘s ‘Elementary Political Economy‘ into Urdu soon after joining Jamia Millia. He also translated Friedrich List‘s ‘Nationaloekonomie‘. His Convocation Addresses have been collected and published under the title ‘The Dynamic University‘. He loved to write for children and his stories are masterpieces of style.
  
• Text : Based on material received from the President’s Secretariat.

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Issued by India

Issued on May 5, 1983

Issued for : Indian Posts and Telegraphs Department is happy to issue a commemorative stamp on Karl Marx on his one hundred sixty fifth birth anniversary.

Description of Designs : The stamp, designed by India Security Press, shows Karl Marx with his book ‘Das Kapital‘. The first day cover depicts the Monument of Karl Marx in Highgate Cemetery, London. Both first day cover and cancellation have been designed by Jai Zharotia.

Type : Stamp, Postal Used

Colour : Dark Brown

Denomination : 100 Paise

Overall size : 4.06 x 2.73 cms.

Printing size : 3.71 x 2.38 cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Paper : Unwatermarked P.G. matt coated paper

Number printed : 20,00,000

Number per issue sheet : 40

Printing Process : Photogravure

Printed at : India Security Press

Name : Karl Marx

Born on May 5, 1818 at Trier, Kingdom of Prussia, German Confederation [now Trier, Rhineland–Palatinate, Germany]

Died on Mar 14, 1883 at London, England, United Kingdom

About : 

• Karl Marx (born 5 May, 1818 at Trier, Germany) was the son of a lawyer, Heinrich and his wife Heneriette. He had early education at Trier. In 1835, he joined the law faculty at Bonn University and ultimately took law degree from Berlin University in 1836. In 1841, he obtained the doctorate in philosophy from Jena University. His thesis was on, “The difference between the Democritean and the Epicurean philosophy“. He was at first a young Hegelian.
• He started his career as a journalist in Rheinische Zeitung and later became its chief editor. He met Engels in 1844 who became his closest friend and life-long collaborator. In 1843, he married Jenny Von Westphalen from a family of Prussian nobles. He left editorship of Rheinische Zeitung and migrated to Paris and started publishing German-French Yearbook in 1844. In 1845, he was expelled from Paris at the insistence of German Government for has writings on Silesian weavers uprising. He then moved on to Brussels. In 1845, the first joint work of Marx and Engels The Holy Family appeared.
• In 1846, Marx and Engels set up Communist Correspondence Committee in Brussels. They completed the German Ideology. In 1847, he joined the League of the Just and held the first congress of the Communist League in London. His work The Poverty of Philosophy appeared at this time. He was elected Vice-President of the Brussels Democratic Society. In 1848, he published the programme of the Communist league, Communist Manifesto, hailed as birth certificate of scientific socialism.
• Marx now started Neue Rheinische Zeitung and became its chief editor. He took active part in organising democratic upsurge in Vienna, Frankfurt and Berlin. He was tried and deported from Germany, came to Paris and after being expelled from there emigrated to London where he lived till death. He kept close contact with all revolutionary movements including the Paris Commune of 1871.
• He keenly observed the Indian developments. His despatches on the great Indian revolt of 1857 in New York Daily Tribune, his Notes on Indian History and other writings and his scientific prognosis of British rule reflect his deep understanding of the Indian Society and the changes brought about by the British.
• In 1864, he founded the International Working Men’s Association, known as First International. In 1867, appeared the first volume of his magnum opus Vol. I of The Capital (DAS KAPITAL) in Hamburg.
• He along with Fredrick Engels founded the theory of scientific communism, enunciated the laws of Dialectical and Historical Materialism and discovered the theory of surplus value.
• He died in London on March 14, 1883 and buried in Highgate Cemetery.

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Issued by India

Issued on May 5, 1978

Issued for : The P & T Department feels privileged to issue a commemorative stamp in honour of this great son of India, Deendayal Upadhyaya.

Type : Stamp, Mint Condition

Colour : Light orange and raw sienna

Denomination : 25 Paise

Overall size : 3.91 x 2.90 cms.

Printing size : 3.55 x 2.54 cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Watermark : Printed on unwatermarked adhesive stamp paper

Number printed : 50,00,000

Number per issue sheet : 35

Printing Process : Photogravure

Designed and printed at : India Security Press

Name : Deendayal Upadhyaya

Born on Sep 25, 1916 at Dhankia, Rajasthan, British India

Died on Feb 11, 1968 at Mughalsarai railway junction, Chandauli, Uttar Pradesh, India [now in Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya (DDU) railway junction]

About : 

• Deendayal Upadhyay was born on September 25, 1916, in the village of Dhankia in Rajasthan. He lost his father, Bhagwati Prasad, when he was less than three years old and his mother before he was eight. He was then brought up by his maternal Uncle.
• Deendayal was outstanding in his studies and stood first in examinations. He won a number of prizes and scholarships. While he was a student at Sanatan Dharma College, Kanpur he joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (R.S.S.). Although he qualified as a teacher, he did not take to teaching profession. Instead, he dedicated himself to full-time work in the RSS from 1942.
  
• Deendayal Upadhyaya was a man of soaring idealism and had a tremendous capacity for organization. He started a monthly ‘Rashtra Dharma‘, a weekly ‘Panchajanya‘ and a daily ‘Swadesh‘.
• In 1951, when Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee founded the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Deendayal became the first General Secretary of its U.P. branch. Next he was chosen as All India General Secretary. The acumen and meticulousness shown by Deendayal deeply impressed Dr. Mookerjee and elicited his famous remark “If I had two Deendayals, I could transform the political face of India.” After Dr. Mookerjee‘s death in 1953, the entire burden of nurturing the orphaned organization and building it up as a nation-wide movement fell on the young shoulders of Deendayal. For 15 years, he remained the party’s General Secretary and built it up, brick by brick. He raised a band of dedicated workers imbued with idealism and provide the entire ideological framework of the party. The final triumph of his statesmanship and vision was the historic session of the party in Calicut in 1967.
• Deendayal was a deep and original thinker. His philosophy of Integral Humanism, which is a synthesis of the material and the spiritual, the individual and the collective, bears eloquent testimony to this.
• In the field of politics and economics, he was pragmatic and down to earth. He visualised for India a decentralized polity and self-reliant economy with the village as the base. He welcomed modern technology but wanted it to be adapted to suit Indian requirements.
• Deendayal believed in a constructive approach. He exhorted his followers to co-operate with the Government when it was right and fearlessly oppose when it erred. He placed the nation’s interest above everything else.
  
• Deendayal Upadhyaya was found dead in the early hours of February 11, 1968, while traveling in a train.
• The following rousing call he gave to the thousands of delegates in the Calicut session, still rings in their ears : –
  • “We are pledged to the service not of any particular community or section but of the entire nation. Every countryman is blood of our blood and flesh of our flesh. We shall not rest till we are able to give to every one of them a sense of pride that they are able to give to every one of them a sense of pride that they are children of Bharatmata. We shall make Mother India sujala, suphala (overflowing with water and laden with fruits) in the real sense of these words. As Dashapraharana Dharini Durga (Goddess Durga with her ten weapons) she would be able to vanquish evil; as Lakshmi she would be able to disburse prosperity all over and as Saraswati she would dispel the gloom of ignorance and spread the radiance of knowledge all around her. With faith in ultimate victory, let us dedicate ourselves to this task.“

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Issued by India

Issued on Jul 21, 1973

Issued for :
Centenary Series
A set of four stamps are being brought out to commemorate the centenary of the death of Michael Madhusudan Dutt, the well-known poet of Bengal, the centenary of the birth of Vishnu Digambar Paluskar, the eminent musician of India, the centenary of the discovery of leprosy bacillus, and the quin-centenary of the birth of Nicolaus Copernicus, the world renowned scientist.

The P&T Department feels honoured to bring out these stamps in the Centenary Series being issued on 21-7-73.

Description of Design : The stamp is horizontal and depicts the portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus. By the side of the portrait the Heliocentric Universe is shown.

Type : Stamp, Postal Used

Colour : Blue & Max. red brown

Denomination : Re. 1

Overall size : 3.91 x 2.90 cms.

Printing Size : 3.56 x 2.54 cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Watermark : Printed on unwatermarked Adhesive Stamp paper in sheets

Quantity printed : 1.5 Million

Number per issue sheet : 35

Printing Process : Photogravure process

Designed and Printed at : India Security Press, Nasik Road

Name : Nicolaus Copernicus

Born on Feb 19, 1473 at Toruń (Thorn), Royal Prussia, Kingdom of Poland

Died on May 24, 1543 at Frombork (Frauenburg), Prince–Bishopric of Warmia, Royal Prussia, Kingdom of Poland

About : 

• The most eminent polish Scholar, creator of the heliocentric theory of the universe, astronomer, mathematician, economist and physician, Nicolaus Copernicus was born on February 19^th, 1473 in Torun into a burgher family. He studied astronomy, law, medicine and theology at universities in Cracow, Bologna, Padua and Ferrara. In 1503, after completing his studies, he returned to Poland where he remained till the end of his days. In 1510, he settled in Frombork where he was appointed canon of the Warmia Chapter. He conducted his astronomical observations there and wrote his main works. About the same time, he presented an outline of his theory of the structure of the universe in his dissertation entitled “Commentariolus“.
• His most important work which contained a discourse on astronomy based on the heliocentric system, was written over the years 1515 – 1533; it appeared in print under the title “De revolutionibus orbium coelestium” in 1543 in Nuremberg. This work revolutionised the then prevailing views on the structure of the universe and laid the foundation for the new cosmology.
• Copernicus also displayed keen interest in problems of economics. Educated in many disciplines, Copernicus represents one of the most brilliant minds of the European Renaissance.

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Issued by Pakistan

Issued on Feb 19, 1973

Design : The stamp which is horizontal in format and depicts the famous Polish astronomer Copernicus whose 500^th Birth Anniversary is being celebrated all over the world.

The design of the stamp is basically based on a painting in which Copernicus is shown in his observatory making some astronomical observations. All sort of astronomical instruments, maps, telescope and books are scattered around him. A church and other buildings of the city against a blue sky can be seen in the back-ground. The caption “500^th Birth Anniversary of Copernicus” appears in red at the fixit of the picture. The word ‘Pakistan‘ in Urdu and English appears in Blue Colour at the top in vertical position in the white panel at right side of the picture. The denomination “20 Paisa” with “Postage” underneath appear at the foot of this panel in black.

Type : Stamp, Postal Used

Denomination : 20 Paisa

Colour : Magenta, Blue, Light Brown and Black

Size of Stamp : 44.5 x 32.5 mm

Size of Print : 41.5 x 29.5 mm

Perforation Gauge : 13 x 13 (c)

Quantity Printed : 10,00,000

Number of Stamps in each sheet : 50

Process of Printing : Litho Offset

Printers : The Pakistan Security Printing Corporation Limited, Karachi

Name : Nikolaus Kopernikus

Born on Feb 19, 1473 at Toruń (Thorn), Royal Prussia, Kingdom of Poland

Died on May 24, 1543 at Frombork (Frauenburg), Prince–Bishopric of Warmia, Royal Prussia, Kingdom of Poland

About : 

• COPERNICUS or KOPPERNIGK, NICOLAS (1473-1543), Polish astronomer, was born Feb. 19, 1473, at Thorn in Prussian Poland, where his father, a native of Cracow, had settled as a wholesale trader. Nicolas was virtually adopted by his uncle Lucas Watzelrode, later (1489) bishop of Ermeland. He studied mathematical science at the University of Cracow under Albert Brudzewski (1445-97), and incidentally acquired some skill in painting. At the age of 23 he repaired to Bologna, and there varied his studies of canon law by attending the astronomical lectures of Domenico Maria Novara (1454-1504). At Rome, in the Jubilee year 1500, he himself lectured with applause; but having been nominated in 1497 canon of the cathedral of Frauenburg, he recrossed the Alps in 1501 with the purpose of obtaining further leave of absence for the completion of his academic career. Late in 1501 he entered the medical school of Padua, where he remained until 1505, having taken a doctor’s degree in canon law at Ferrara on May 31, 1503. After his return to Poland he resided at the episcopal palace of Heilsberg as his uncle’s physician until the bishop‘s death on March 29, 1512. He then retired to Frauenburg, and attended to his capitular duties. He never took orders, but acted continually as the representative of the chapter under harassing conditions, administrative and political; he was besides commissary of the diocese of Ermeland; his medical skill, always at the service of the poor, was frequently in demand by the rich; and he laid a scheme for the reform of the currency before the Diet of Graudenz in 1522. Yet he found time to elaborate a new system of astronomy, by the adoption of which man’s outlook on the universe was fundamentally changed.
• The main lines of his great work were laid down at Heilsberg; at Frauenburg, from 1513, he sought, with scanty instrumental means, to test by observation the truth of the views it embodied (see ASTRONOMY: History). His dissatisfaction with Ptolemic doctrines was of early date; and he returned from Italy, where so called Pythagorean opinions were then freely discussed in strong and irrevocable possession of the heliocentric theory. The treatise in which it was set forth, virtually finished in 1530, began to be known through the circulation in manuscript of a Commentariolus, or brief popular account of its purport, written by Copernicus in that year. Johann Albrecht Widmanstadt lectured upon it in Rome; Clement VII, approved, and Cardinal Schonberg transmitted to the author a formal demand for full publication. But his assent to this was only extracted from him in 1540 by the importunities of his friends, especially of his enthusiastic disciple George Joachim Rheticus (1514-76), who printed, in the Narratio prima (Danzig, 1540), a preliminary account of the Copernican theory, and simultaneously sent to the press at Nuremberg his master’s complete exposition of it in the treatise entitled De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543). But the first printed copy reached Frauenburg barely in time to be laid on the writer’s death-bed. Copernicus was seized with apoplexy and paralysis towards the close of 1542, and died on May, 24, 1543, happily unconscious that the fine Epistle, in which he had dedicated his life’s work to Paul III, was marred of its effect by an anonymous preface, slipt in by Andreas Osiander, with a view to disarming prejudice by insisting upon the purely hypothetical character of the reasonings it introduced. The trigonometrical section of the book had been issued as a separate treatise (Wittenberg, 1542) under the care of Rheticus. The only work published by Copernicus on his own initiative was a Latin version of the Greek epistles of Theophylact (Cracow, 1509). His treatise De monetae cudendae ratione (1526) (first printed in 1816), written by order of King Sigismund I, is an exposition of the principles on which it was proposed to reform the currency of the Prussian provinces of Poland.
• Issued by: The Director-General, Pakistan Post Office, Karachi.

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Issued by India

Issued on Jun 11, 1969

Issued for : “Among the galaxy of luminous stars that have shed their radiance on the firmament of our national life, Dr. Zakir Husain occupies a pride of place. Moulded in the great traditions set before us by the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, Zakir Saheb was the embodiment of all-pervading humanism. In him, the nation found a true and living symbol of our composite culture. He adorned many a position with distinction, dignity and decorum. The stamp of his magnetic personality was indelibly impressed in every position he occupied. His quest for excellence has few parallels in human history.

The commemorative stamp that is being brought out to coincide with the Chehlum ceremony of the late Dr. Zakir Husain is but a token tribute of the regard and respect that we have for this great personage. I am sure his memory will remain ever green in the hearts of our people for generations to come. Zakir Saheb‘s noble example will inspire the nation to fulfil the tasks – solidarity and secularism – which were so dear to his heart and to which he dedicated himself. It is now up to us to translate his ideals into reality so that we can make India occupy a premier position in the comity of nation.” – V. V. Giri, Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi-4.

“Dr. Zakir Husain represented the best in our national culture and in the world’s heritage of civilisation. In him, the intellectual, the aesthetic and the practical blended harmoniously. Rare indeed are individuals in whom thought, speech and action are so fully integrated. Distinguished and poised, he chose the profession of a teacher and throughout his life he taught us greater sensitivity, greater devotion to ideals and to selfless work. The nation mourns a great President and a great representative of the true spirit of India.” – Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister, New Delhi, May 14, 1969.

“In issuing a special commemorative postage stamp in honour of the late Dr. Zakir Husain, the third President of the Indian Republic, the Posts and Telegraphs Department offer its humble homage and tribute to a great patriot, an eminent educationist and an erudite scholar. He symbolised the best traditions of our composite Indian culture and served the Nation with an outstanding sense of dedication to duty for nearly half a century. As the President, he had exemplified in himself our conception of a secular democracy in a very worthy manner. His keen devotion to scholastic and cultural pursuits gave a new meaning to the concept of service to the cause of education. His association with the Jamia Milia, the Aligarh Muslim University and numerous other educational and other institutions marked an era of service to the cause of education in this country.

He has been a shining example of erudition, dignity, nobility and humility. In his sudden demise the Nation has lost a leader of high intellectual and moral eminence. May his memory remain ever green with us as an example of lofty ideals and gentle behaviour.” – Satya Narayan Sinha, Ministry of Communications and Information & Broadcasting, India, New Delhi, 19^th May, 1969.

Design : Photo on the stamp – by courtesy of Shri T. Kasinath, Director, Photo Division, Ministry of I. & B., Govt. of India, New Delhi.

Type : Stamp, Postal Used

Colour : Raw Sienna

Denomination : 20 Paise

Overall Size : 3.91 x 2.90 cms.

Printing Size : 3.63 x 2.62 cms.

Perforation : 13 x 13

Paper : unwatermarked paper

Number Printed : 30,00,000

Number per issue sheet : 35

Printing Process : Photogravure

Designed and Printed at : India Security Press

Name : Zakir Husain

Born on Feb 8, 1897 at Hyderabad, Hyderabad State, British India [now in Telangana]

Died on May 3, 1969 at New Delhi, India

About : 

• At eleven-twenty hours on the morning of Saturday May 3, 1969, death came suddenly to Dr. Zakir Husain, third President of the Republic of India. An eminent educationist and thinker, he symbolised the best traditions of Indian culture and served the nation with exemplary dedication for nearly fifty years.
• Zakir Husain was born on February 8, 1897, in Hyderabad where his father had migrated from Uttar Pradesh. Losing his father at an early age, he returned to his ancestral home. After studying at the Islamia High School, Etawah, he went for higher education to the Mohamedan Anglo-Oriental College (now Aligarh Muslim University). He was known even in those days for his love of knowledge, his wit and eloquence and his readiness to help his fellow-students. His record at college was brilliant not only in academic achievement but also in extra-curricular activities.
• The turning point in his life came in October 1920 when Mahatma Gandhi, accompanied by the Ali brothers, visited Aligarh to explain his doctrine of Satyagraha and the need to boycott educational institutions controlled by the British Government. Zakir Husain, then only 23 and a student of the M.A. class, was among the small group of students and teachers who were so profoundly moved that they decided to establish a National Muslim University by the name Jamia Milia Islamia. Recounting, years later, the impact of Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Zakir Husain said : “I began my public career at the feet of Gandhiji, and he has been my guide and inspirer.” He summed up Gandhiji‘s teachings and his own ideal in these words: to lead a pure life, individual and social; to insist on the means being as pure as the end; to have an active and sustained sympathy for the weak and the down-trodden; to forge unity among the diverse sections of the Indian people. And Dr. Zakir Husain‘s life was the very embodiment of these ideals.
• Zakir Husain‘s unceasing quest of knowledge took him to Germany in the twenties. During his three years’ stay there, he acquired a deep love for European art, literature and music. The University of Berlin conferred upon him a doctorate for his work in Economics, the subject of his special study. Even while absorbed in his scholastic and cultural pursuits. Dr. Zakir Husain was untiring in expounding the meaning of India‘s fight for freedom under Gandhiji’s leadership.
• Returning to India in 1926 he became, at the young age of 29, the Vice-Chancellor of Jamia, which had moved to Delhi. He held the position for two decades. He and his colleagues took a vow of simplicity to ensure that the University’s finances were not strained. Dr. Zakir Husain‘s inspiration and leadership made the Jamia into one of the leading institutions of its kind in the country.
• In 1937 Mahatma Gandhi invited him to head the National Committee on Basic Education to evolve a system of education suited to the needs and genius of a country where the overwhelming majority lived in the villages. The Jamia itself became a pioneering centre of educational experiments. Dr. Zakir Husain remained President of the Hindustani Talimi Sangh until 1950. He wrote extensively. Among his books are an Urdu translation of Plato‘s Republic, a critique of Capitalism, translations of several works on economics and education, and books for children.
• Dr. Zakir Husain refrained from active politics so as to be able to give his all to his University. In 1948 he took up the Vice-Chancellorship of the Aligarh Muslim University at the insistence of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. He infused a new outlook in the University during his stewardship of eight years. He was also called upon to serve on a number of educational and other committees and commissions including the University Education Commission and the Press Commission.
• Dr. Zakir Husain was nominated to the Rajya Sabha in 1952 as a distinguished savant. He was re-nominated in 1956. In 1957, he was appointed Governor of Bihar, an office he held until 1962. He continued to serve the cause of education and culture within the country and abroad in many ways. He represented India in UNESCO, and served as a member of its Executive Board during the years 1956-58. He travelled and lectured widely in Europe and America, propounding his ideas on education. He once defined a University as “primarily a community of scholars and students who should be treated as responsible members of a free and academic society, free to think, free to express their thoughts, free to refuse to conform, free to be unorthodox and even free to err.” This broad vision inspired his work as an educationist throughout his life.
• He was elected Vice-President of the Republic, in 1962. As ex–officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha he won the respect of the House through his erudition, impartiality and gentleness. He visited many countries of Asia, Africa and the West. In 1963 he was awarded the highest honour of the land, the Bharat Ratna for his great services to the nation.
• After serving as Vice-President for a term of five years Dr. Zakir Husain was elected President of the Republic in May, 1967. In his deeply moving inaugural speech he said that the whole of India was his home and all its people were his family. His wisdom and healing touch were of immense value to the nation during periods of stress and strain. His vision and adherence to principles, his grace and dignity, his high aesthetic sensibility, his understanding and compassion added a new lustre to the high office he held, and earned for him the affection and admiration of all sections of the people.
• Death has taken away this great patriot, scholar and humanist. The country loses a person of great intellectual and moral eminence who embodied man’s heritage of nobility, goodness and truth.
• Notification by Nagendra Singh, Secy. to the President, President’s Secretariat, New Delhi, the 5^th May 1969.

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